IDENTIFICATION OF QUALITY AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF FIVE NEW PROMISING DROUGHT TOLERANT VARIETIES OF RICE

This study aimed to evaluate quality and molecular aspects of five new promising drought tolerant varieties of rice. This study included five drought tolerant varieties i.e., Orabi 1, Orabi 2, Orabi 3,Orabi 4 and Orabi 5 and three traditional varieties i.e., Sakha 101,Sakha 104and Giza 177. Physical, milling and cooking quality characters were investigated. Fourteen characters were studied, length, width, thickness and length/width (L/W) ratio as a physical quality characters. White rice, brown rice, head rice and broken rice as a milling quality characters have also studied. Gel consistency, gel temperature, kernel elongation cooking time, water uptake and protein as cooking quality characters have been concerned. High significant differences among studied varieties for physical, milling and cooking quality characters were observed. As general, Orabi varieties possessed high length/width ratio than local varieties, but, negatively correlated with head rice and positively correlated with broken rice except Giza 177. Regarding, milling criteria, all varieties possessed high percent of brown and white rice. In contrast low percent of broken rice for local varieties than Orabi varieties has been observed. Low diverse between varieties at gel consensity, in contrast large variation in gel temperature, kernel elongation, water uptake were noted between varieties. Protein content of high value was recorded in Orabi 1, 2 and 3, significant negative correlation was detected between gel consensity and cooking time, but it was a positive correlation with water uptake. In addition, significant negative correlation between cooking time and water up take was found. Orabi 5 and Orabi 3 possessed mainly criteria from traditional varieties. Adaptation year after year for Orabi drought tolerant varieties will be decrease broken rice. RAPD-PCR was applied in the present study. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was presented almost unique bands in Orabi 3 and these data were identified with the dendrogram result in which Orabi 3 formed a separate cluster. Two unique bands were detected for Sakha 104 using OPA-11 and OPC-02 primers as well as Giza 177 possessed two unique bands using OPA-10 and OPA -11 primers. In addition, single unique band was detected for Orabi 4 and Orabi 5 using OPA -05 primer.