Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Natural Res. Dept., Fac. Asian Postgraduate Studies, Zagazig Univ., Egypt
2
Social Sci. Dept., Fac. Asian Postgraduate Studies, Zagazig Univ., Egypt
Abstract
Floods, rainfall, and temperature are all becoming major ecological threats. The findings of this study indicate that the production of oil palm has been negatively impacted by temperature, rainfall, and floods and will continue to do so. As can be shown, the El Niño and flood events in 1997–1998 and 2015–2016 significantly decreased oil palm yield turnover by altering the overall weather pattern and influencing the soil and plant physiology. A 1–4°C increase in temperature was anticipated to result in a 10–41% decrease in oil palm yield in Malaysia, demonstrating the significant effects of rising average surface temperatures on oil palm productivity. Elevated temperatures worsen the rate of evapotranspiration, which dries up the soil and increases water stress, which ultimately leads to slower growth and a poor yield. In addition to making days warmer and nights colder, rising temperatures alter the ecology of a number of diseases and pests. Because of their increased population and increased ability to adapt to their changing environment, these pests and diseases have the potential to spread across the plantations and cause an epidemic or possibly a pandemic. The pollination process may be hampered by pollinating insects being attacked by other organisms, which could result in a decline in their population. In addition to a broader regional distribution and anticipated drier conditions during the southwest monsoon towards the end of the twenty-first century, the rainfall projection showed heavy rain around the years 2081–2100. In order to address the effects of temperature, rainfall, and flooding on oil palm production, the study makes the following policy recommendations: improved variety, improved institutional research, cooperation between producer and major consumer countries in research, technology transfer, environmental education, management skills, and extension services to oil palm growers; sustainable land use policy and expansion without deforestation; and easier access, communication, and availability of academic findings.
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