UNRAVELING THE GENETIC MECHANISMS OF RICE BLAST RESISTANCE

Nofal, Asmaa S.; Soliman, S.S.; Ismail, T.A.; Wafa, H.A.

doi:10.21608/zjar.2024.391957

UNRAVELING THE GENETIC MECHANISMS OF RICE BLAST RESISTANCE

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt

10.21608/zjar.2024.391957

Abstract

The ongoing battle between rice and the devastating blast fungus Magnaportheoryzae is a complex interplay of genetic factors and evolutionary pressures. The gene-for-gene model governs this interaction, where plant resistance genes (R-genes) specifically recognize corresponding avirulence genes (AVRgenes) in the pathogen, triggering a hypersensitive response to thwart infection. While monogenic R-genes have initially provided valuable protection, their effectiveness is often compromised by the pathogen's rapid adaptation. Polygenic resistance, linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs), offers a more durable defense. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying blast resistance is crucial for developing sustainable disease management strategies. These mechanisms include direct and indirect recognition pathways, cell wall modifications, antimicrobial compound production, and systemic acquired resistance. Despite significant progress in these areas, challenges persist. The pathogen's capacity for rapid evolution, the limitations of monogenic resistance, and the complex genetic architecture of blast resistance all pose obstacles to sustainable rice production. Future research should prioritize the development of innovative approaches, such as deploying resistance genes through techniques like pyramiding and gene editing, utilizing QTL mapping to identify and characterize resistance loci, and integrating diverse disease management practices. By addressing these challenges, we can ensure the continued resilience of rice to blast and safeguard global food security.

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