ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATE, VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AND PLANTING DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT CROP (Triticum aestivum L.)
The present study was conducted at field experiment in Mit Ghamer District, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. The study aimed to find out the effect of sowing dates (November 15th, November 30th and December 15th), cultivars (Giza 171, Sids 12 and Gemmiza 11) and planting densities (300, 400 and 500 grains/m2) on yield and yield attributes of wheat.The early wheat sowing on 15th Nov. appeared to be produced the highest plant height, spike length, number of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/fad. Varietal differences effected significantly on yield and yield attributes where, Gemmiza 11 cultivar appeared to be produced the highest plant height, spike length, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per fad. While Giza 171cultivar tended to produce the highest number of spikes/m2. On other hand, dense planting of 500 grains/m2 obtained the highest number of spikes per m2, as well as, grain yield/fad., as compared with the other two planting densities. While, light density (300 grains/ m2) gave the highest grain number/spike and grain weight /spike. Regarding the significant interaction between the studied factors on almost yield and yield attributes, showed that early sowing on 15th Nov. obtained the highest grain yield/fad., with Gemmiza 11 and Sids 12 cultivars when dense planting of 500 grains/m2 were applied.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49797_656ffe6457e0fb07c4a3d81efc648f75.pdf
2018-01-01
1
21
10.21608/zjar.2018.49797
Wheat
sowing date
planting densities
yield attributes
Safaa
Abd El-Hadi
safaaabdelhady@yahoo.com
1
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Ali
2
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Omar
3
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
E.
El-Sobky
4
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF MINERAL NITROGEN, BIOFERTILIZERS AND CULTURE MEDIA ON TOMATO TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION
The present work was done in a private nursery under plastic conditions houses in Belbeis District, Sharkia Governorate (Egypt) during 2015 and 2016 seasons to study the effect of four mineral nitrogen, biofertilizer treatments and three culture media on seed germination (%), vegetative growth characters, fresh and dry weights, growth analyses and chemical composition of tomato transplants at 60 days from seed sowing. The obtained results showed that, the treatments of mineral nitrogen and biofertilizer, the culture media and their interactions recorded a significant effect in both seasons of study on most studied characters, but this effect was varied from treatment to another and from season to another.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49800_f6b39cd7cd12de1b96b9c181cd26a172.pdf
2018-01-01
23
43
10.21608/zjar.2018.49800
Tomato
transplants
culture media
fertilizers
Germination
Growth
fresh weight
growth analyses
Moustafa
Shehata
mostafahussien458@gmail.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Khalil
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Arisha
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mohsen
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND CULTURE MEDIA ON EGGPLANT TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION
The present work was done in a private nursery under plastic houses conditions in Belbeis District, Sharkia Governorate (Egypt), during 2014 and 2015 seasons to study the effect of two mineral nitrogen fertilizer treatments and six culture media on seed germination (%), vegetative growth characters, fresh and dry weights, growth analyses and chemical composition of eggplant transplants at 60 days from seed sowing. The obtained results showed that, the maximum values of seed germination (%) were recorded by without application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and using the culture media treatment of peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 2:1:0 (V/V/V), respectively in the first season and at a ratio of 1:1:0 and/or 3:1:0 (V/V/V) in the second season. In addition, all tested fertilizer treatments did not caused any significant effect on all parameters of studied growth characters, except the dry weight of shoots in the first season only, were recorded the highest value by application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. On the other hand, using the culture media which contained peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 3:1:1 (V/V/V), respectively recorded the maximum increment in fresh weight of parts and total fresh weight of whole transplant and had a significant effect on studied fresh weight ratio (FWR), root/plant dry weight ratio (Rw/Pw) characters, as well as on the potassium percentage in the tissue of transplants. The interaction between the culture media contained of peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 3:1:0 (V/V/V), respectively with application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer was the superior interaction treatment which had significantly effect on N, P, K and total carbohydrates contents in eggplant transplants, as well as dry weight of different parts of transplant in the second season only.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49801_fd7f9a1a9fbb0f51affdba6e0b7b51a3.pdf
2018-01-01
45
63
10.21608/zjar.2018.49801
Egg plant
transplants
culture media
fertilizer
Germination
dry/ fresh weight
growth analyses
Moustafa
Shehata
mostafahussien458@gmail.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Khalil
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Arisha
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mohsen
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SPRAYING SOME GROWTH REGULATORS; SALICYLIC ACID; CALCIUM AND BORON ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF BARHEE DATE PALMS
The present study was conducted during two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 on 10-years-old Barhee date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Saddat District, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Bunches of the experimental palms were sprayed with six treatments as follows: water (control); gibberellin (GA3) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (each at 50, 100 and 50 ppm); salicylic acid (at 50, 50 and 100 ppm) boric acid and calcium/boron, each at (2000, 1500 and 1000 ppm). All the previous treatments were sprayed three times, the 1st was at one day before pollination, the 2nd was at the beginning of kimri stage and the 3rd was at the beginning of fruit color break (khalal or bisr stage), respectively. All the spraying solutions were supplied with 0.25% urea. Generally, NAA and GA3 treatments gained the highest value of each yield/palm; weight/bunch and number of fruits/spikelet without significant differences between them in most cases in both seasons. While spraying catro calcium (calcium + boron) gained the highest value of each yield/palm and weight/spikelet in the two seasons compared to the control, which recorded the lowest value for each of all the tested characteristics in both seasons. In addition, GA3 and NAA treatments produced the highest value for each of all fruit physical characteristics without significant differences between them except for the fruit dimensions in the two seasons. The highest seed weight was recorded for boric acid treatment in the two seasons, without significant difference with the control and salicylic acid treatments in the second season only. Moreover, the control treatment gained the lowest value for each of all physical fruit characteristics except seed weight in the second season. GA3 and NAA treatments achieved the highest value of each TSS% and TSS/acid ratio and the lowest content of peel carotene in the two seasons. While each of the control, boric acid and salicylic acid treatments recorded the highest percentage of fruit acidity in the two seasons. The highest chlorophyll content in the fruit peel was recorded for salicylic acid treatment.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49805_0bf79d96ee2753a7ae6fd2b9d97f74d8.pdf
2018-01-01
65
73
10.21608/zjar.2018.49805
date palm
Phoenix dactylifera
GA3
NAA
calcium
Boron
Salicylic acid
yield and fruit quality
Ahmed
Jasim
ahmedfared35@gmail.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Hassan
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
R.
Al-Ashkar
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Gad
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF SIDDEK AND KIETT MANGO TREES TO GIBBERELLIC ACID AND UREA FOLIAR SPRAYING AT FLOWER BUD INDUCTION PERIOD A. FLORAL ASPECTS
During 2014/ 2015 and 2015/ 2016 seasons, a field experiment was conducted on 45 trees of each of Siddek and Kiett mango cvs. The trees were 8-year-old, grafted on Succari rootstock, similar in growth vigour as possible and grown at 4 × 3 m in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private mango orchard at Belbies District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The experimental trees were foliar sprayed with GA3 at 0, 50 or 100 ppm and urea at 1.5% either alone or in combination with GA3 at 100 ppm. The trees were sprayed at 3 dates at fortnightly intervals (1st Dec., mid Dec. and 1st Jan.). The obtained results showed that sex ratio, fruit set and flower drop percentages were higher on Siddek trees than those of Kiett ones. The trees were sprayed at mid Dec. induced the highest sex ratio and fruit set percentages. The trees were sprayed at early Dec. showed the highest flower drop percentage than those sprayed at the other two dates. Fruit retention percentage was significantly affected by either variety or spraying date in both seasons. Mango trees sprayed with GA3 at 100 ppm or urea at 1.5% either alone or combined exhibited the highest values of sex ratio, fruit set and fruit retention percentages in most cases. Whereas, unsprayed trees (control) and those sprayed with GA3 at 50 ppm induced the highest flower drop percentage. It is quite evident from the previous trends that spraying Siddek and Kiett mango trees with GA3 at 100 ppm or urea at 1.5% either alone or in combination at early or mid Dec., was more effective in increasing fruit set and fruit retention percentages than unsprayed trees (control) which gained the least percentages in most cases and the highest flower drop percentage. Accordingly and from the economic view, we can suggest to spray Siddek and Kiett mango trees with urea at 1.5% at early or mid Dec. for increasing fruit set and fruit retention percentages and consequently increasing fruit yield/tree.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49806_0e2b28b0d0bef0b04f940ab119c5c803.pdf
2018-01-01
75
86
10.21608/zjar.2018.49806
Mangifera indica
siddek
kitte
GA3
urea
Spraying Date
bud induction
infloresence
Osama
Nouh
faridmsamy@yahoo.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
T.
Abou Sayed-Ahmed
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Hassan
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
F.
Mohsen
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND ASCORBIC ACID ON GROWTH, ESSENTIAL OIL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ROSEMARY PLANT
A pot experiment was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 1, 2 and 3 g N pot-1) in the form of calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2 (15.5% N) and four spray levels with ascorbic acid (0, 50 and 100 ppm) on growth, essential oil content and chemical composition of rosemary plant. Plastic pots of 25 cm diameter were used. Experimental treatments were laid out in a split plot design. Tow cuts were taken each season. Application of nitrogen up to 3 g N pot-1 enhanced all studied growth parameters in terms of plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of leaves as well as total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates, N, P, K contents. Essential oil content was enhanced by adding of nitrogen up to 2 g N pot-1, thereafter more increase in nitrogen, significantly decreased essential oil content. Spraying rosemary plants with ascorbic acid up to 100 ppm, significantly enhanced plant height, branch number, fresh and dry weight of leaves and essential oil content as well as total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates, N, P and K contents. Rosemary plants fertilized with 3 g N pot-1 and sprayed with 100 ppm ascorbic acid gave the highest value of each of plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of leaves, total chlorophyll and total carbohydrates, while the highest essential oil percentage was obtained from plants fertilized with 2 g N pot-1 and sprayed with 100 ppm of ascorbic acid. Alpha-pinene, Eucalyptol, Linalool, Camphor, Endo-borneol and Cis-pinane were the major constituents of the essential oil profile, over all combinations of nitrogen and ascorbic acid levels in both cuts.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49808_97157f599355663e3768a8497bb8e4fc.pdf
2018-01-01
87
103
10.21608/zjar.2018.49808
Rosmary
Rosmarinus officinalis L
Nitrogen fertilization
ascorbic acid
Growth
Volatile oil
Amaal
Heikal
amaalhiekal@gmail.com
1
Ornamental Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samia
Helmy
2
Ornamental Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ORGANIC, MINERAL AND BIO-NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME SNAP BEAN CULTIVARS GROWN IN CLAY SOIL
This work was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 in a Private Farm, Dondet Village, Meet Ghamr District, Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of various sources of nitrogen fertilization which equal 60 kg N/fad., on growth, yield and pod quality of snap bean cultivars (Paulista and Bronco) grown in clay soil under flood irrigation. The results showed that, fertilizing Paulista cultivar with 30 kg N as organic nitrogen (ON) + 30 kg N as MN/fad., (ammonium sulphate) + Nr (nitrobein) increased dry weight of leaves, branches and shoot dry weight/ plant, chlorophyll a, b, total (a+b) in leaves tissues, total yield/fad., and average number of pods/ plant as well as total carbohydrates and total protein in green pods in both seasons. Whereas, the interaction between fertilizing of Bronco cultivar with 20 kg N as ON+40 kg N as MN/fad.,+Nr increased average pod weight and total fibers in green pods in both seasons.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49812_d3f9135cb571d993f5357e4e8315204d.pdf
2018-01-01
105
117
10.21608/zjar.2018.49812
Snap bean
organic
paulista
bronco
mineral and bio nitrogen
yield and pod quality
Ahmed
Abdallah
dondait@gmail.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Gad
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Bardisi
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Dalia
Nawar
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric. Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SOME NATURAL EXTRACTS, INDOLBUTIRIC ACID AND NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID ON ROOTING OF PICUAL OLIVE CUTTINGS
This study was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons in a private plastic green house at Belbies District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt in an attempt to replace the traditional olive cutting rooting synthetic growth regulators by some auxin releasing natural extracts. Cuttings of Picual olive cv. were prepared on November of each season (about 15 cm long and7-9 mm in diameter), cutting were dipped in concentrations of indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA) at 4000 ppm and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 500 ppm solution for 5 seconds or soaked in the natural extracts for half hour. The results revealed that the maximum rooting percentage (81.44 and 85.60%), number of roots/cutting (14.84 and 14.90 root/cutting), shoot number/ transplant (2.74 and 2.17 shoot/plant), leaf number/plant (6.49 and 6.61 leaf/plant) and bud sprouting percentage (48.46 and 48.14 %) respectively were recorded for cuttings dipped in IBA at 4000 ppm in comparison with those dipped in moringa extracts, which gained the lowest values of the considered parameters during the two seasons. The highest cutting survival percentages were recorded for IBA and NAA treatments, garlic at 10 or 20%, liquorice at10 g and algae at 2.5 or 5 cm in both seasons without significant differences between them. Total carbohydrates percentages in the roots and shoots were gradually increased with the advance in planting months, and reached the highest values after seven months, but total soluble phenols in the roots were decreased after six months then increased in the seventh month in both seasons. The algae, garlic and liquorice treatments were considered the best natural extracts compared to yeast and in turn can be used as an alternative of growth regulators for rooting Picual olive cuttings.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49816_f2d8897a450006d376fa4365a1054a30.pdf
2018-01-01
119
136
10.21608/zjar.2018.49816
olive
picual
rooting (%)
sprouting (%)
growth regulators
natural extracts
Abd-Allah
Eid
faridmsamy@yahoo.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Safaa
Nomier
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ibrahim
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Gad
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENETICAL STUDIES OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND YIELD OF BALADY CABBAGE USING NORTH CAROLINA DESIGN II
This work was carried out at Ghazala Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, during the two successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, to estimates the genetic parameters for Balady cabbage, using North Carolina Mating Design II. Ten selected plants were used for this study (five as males and other five as females) from Balady cabbage population. Results of this study showed insignificant mean squares for male × female interaction for all the studied traits, except that for stem diameter, leaf width, wrapper leaves weight per plant and head height, which were highly significant. Estimations of additive variance (σ2A) were higher than dominance variance (σ2D) for stem diameter, leaf width, head height, head diameter and head weight per plant (yield), indicate the important of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Nevertheless, σ2D was higher than σ2A for stem height from wrapper leaves to head, leaf length, and wrapper leaf number and weight per plant, so that the dominance was played very important role in the inheritance of these traits. The heritability in broad-sense ranged from -4.30% for stem height up to wrapper leaves to 83.80% for leaf width. While, narrow-sense of heritability ranged from -2.10% for stem height up to wrapper leaves to 97.35% for head height.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49818_2847bb9a3b4745f8663f71d2f9fa844b.pdf
2018-01-01
137
143
10.21608/zjar.2018.49818
cabbage
additive variance
dominance variance
degree of dominance
heritability
correlation and North Carolina Design II
Hany
Zyada
hgzyada@yahoo.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Ismail
h_alshney@yahoo.com
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NECTAR FLOW TYPE AND HONEYBEE HYBRID ON DRAWING OUT WAX FOUNDATIONS AND HONEY PRODUCTION OF HONEYBEE, Apis mellifera L. COLONIES
The present work was carried out in a private apiary located at El-Moullak locality, Abu-Hammad district, Sharkia Governorate, to investigate the performance of Italian and Carniolan honeybee hybrid colonies in drawing out wax foundations and honey production during citrus and clover flow periods of 2014 and 2015 seasons. Summarized results are as follows: based on the two years mean Italian hybrid colonies drew out higher area of wax foundation during clover flow period of 2014 and 2015 seasons, recording 382.5 in2 vs 315 in2 recorded for Carniolan hybrid. Italian hybrid colonies proved to be more clover honey producers than Carniolan ones. For instance, Italian colonies produced a mean of 9.93 kg clover honey/colony compared to 8.96 kg honey/Carniolan hybrid colony. However, nearly similar quantity of citrus honey recording 8.65 and 8.59 kg citrus honey/Italian and Carniolan colony, respectively.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49820_c09a320b2fc00652013351588382ed1a.pdf
2018-01-01
145
150
10.21608/zjar.2018.49820
Apis mellifera
Italian and Carniolan hybrids
wax foundation
citrus and clover nectar flows
honey production
Mohamed
Kasim
mohamadsalah1000@yahoo.com
1
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Khalil
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
El-Shakaa
3
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Abd-Alla
4
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HOST PREFERENCE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE CITRUS LEAFMINER, Phyllocnistis citrella STAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is one of the most serious pests of nursery as well as young plantations of citrus. The present work aimed to study host preference, spatial distribution within the tree's canopy and chemical control of CLM in citrus orchard located at Inshas District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The obtained results indicated that CLM significantly preferred to attack navel orange and eureka lemon more than valencia orange, mandarin, baladi orange and bitter orange. This preference of CLM to navel orange may be attributed to the highly contents of carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, protein and ascorbic acid in navel orange leaves in comparison with the other tested hosts. On the contrary, bitter orange was the lowest preferred host to CLM because of its lowest content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein and humidity. On the other hand, the present results showed that CLM highly distributed in west direction more than the other directions and center of host trees during spring season. With respect to control of CLM, the obtained results showed that KZ oil was the most effective compound in controlling CLM infesting navel orange trees; while, lambda, super misrona, diver, albolium and abamectin exhibited moderate ranks in controlling CLM. Acetamipride was the least effective insecticide.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49822_edf87771f9919573cf51c8d34e4716ea.pdf
2018-01-01
151
164
10.21608/zjar.2018.49822
Phyllocnistis citrella
citrus leafminer
host preference
spatial distribution
chemical control
Ahmed
El-Afify
1
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
R.
Shreef
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
N.
Ghanim
3
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Hendawy
hendawy_79@yahoo.com
4
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TOXICOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIAZINON AND SODIUM BENZOATE ON THE NILE TILAPIA FISH, Oreochromis niloticus L.
The acute and subchronic toxicity of diazinon and sodium benzoate to the Nile tilapia fish, Oreochromis niloticus L. 60 g weight were studied. The obtained results showed that the LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr., post treatment to the insecticide diazinon were 8.377, 6.852, 6.200 and 5.679 mg/l, respectively. Exposed fish to sublethal concentration of diazinon (0.56 mg/l) and sodium benzoate at 150 mg/l for 21days caused some biochemical and histopathological changes in some blood components and organs. Diazinon increased alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine and cholesterol activities, while acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and uric acid were decreased. Sodium benzoate caused an increase of ALT, AST, glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid and cholesterol activities. The histopathological studies showed degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion of blood vessels and revealed degenerative changes on some organs and cystic dilatation of some renal tubules together with congestion of renal blood vessels and mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltration were detected compared with control fish (untreated)
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49825_e3d380b294b6842ba0f4097869944f5f.pdf
2018-01-01
165
175
10.21608/zjar.2018.49825
Oreochromis niloticus
Nile tilapia fish
Diazinon
sodium benzoate
toxicological and histopathological effects
Refaat
Abd El-Sameaa
refaatelshikh@yahoo.com
1
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Aioub
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Elsobky
3
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Hendawy
hendawy_79@yahoo.com
4
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT SOLANACEOUS PLANT VARIETIES TO THE INFESTATION BY CERTAIN PIERCING SUCKING PESTS AT EL-KASASINE DISTRICT, ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
The present investigation aimed to study the influence of some solanaceous plant varieties of eggplant Solanum melongena L. (Blak king, Blak beauty, Rekarda, Taska, Anan and Polsar); pepper Capsicun annuun L. (Ayrad, Lamastar Hlo, Fire volcano, PTAH and Saidah) and tomato Lycopersicum esculentum Mill (Seren T97301, Taby T98270, Super magic, Nameb RFT671022, Kelel, Nour and VT 60788) to infestation with some piercing sucking pests and the effects of some chemical contents (protein, carbohydrate and pH values) on the infestation of aphid, leafhopper, whitefly and two spotted spider mite pests were also investigated. The obtained results showed pronounced differences in the population density of the tested pests. Eggplant varieties could be arranged descendingly according to the population density of pests as follows: Polsar, Anan, Taska, Rekarda, Blak beauty and Blak king; pepper varieties Saidah, PTAH, Fire volcano, Lamastar Hlo and Ayrad and tomato varieties VT60788, Nour, Kelel, Nameb RFT671022, Super magic, Taby T98270 and Seren T97301. Chemical analysis results showed an increase in protein and carbohydrate contents led to increase the mean number of aphid, leafhopper, whitefly and two spotted spider mite pests infesting these varieties, while the increase of pH values led to decrease the mean number of pests and rate of infestation. Increasing pests infestation led to a decrease in yield. Therefore, the most suitable plant variety must be included in any integrated pest management programs of any pest.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49829_d877c4b7290ba27a53b5c2caee09e6ef.pdf
2018-01-01
177
187
10.21608/zjar.2018.49829
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
pepper (Capsicun annuun L.)
tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)
varieties
Chemical analysis
leafhopper
aphid
whitefly
two spotted spider mite
Abd Alla
Abd-Elsamed
dr.abdalla19@gmail.com
1
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokii, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Hashem
2
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokii, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aml
Al-Habshy
3
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokii, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PLANTING DISTANCE OF CERTAIN CULTIVARS ON INCIDENCE OF ROOT AND CROWN ROT DISEASES IN STRAWBERRY NURSERIES
The effect of planting distances on the development of root and crown rot diseases of strawberry in the transplanting nursery was studied in two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016. Three Super Elite mother plants of Festival, Florida and Sweet Charlie were tested. Seven Planting distances (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 m) were used between mother plants. The first three planting distances (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 m) were the standard distances used by strawberry growers in the commercial nurseries. The rest of planting distances (1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 m) represented the suggested modified distances. The obtained results showed a considerable amount of reduction (%) on root and crown rot diseases on the produced transplants of the modified planting distances. The modification of planting distances in strawberry nurseries could be used as one of banned methyl bromide alternatives.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49831_98437b6baaf5be1631687239985f4423.pdf
2018-01-01
189
195
10.21608/zjar.2018.49831
Plant distance
Strawberry cultivars
root and crown rot
nurseries
Eman
Khafagi
dr_emankhafagi@yahoo.com
1
Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NEW PNEUMATIC PRECISION METERING DEVICE FOR PLANTING MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC CROPS
The aim of the present work is to develop a simple and low cost pneumatic metering device to be suitable for planting some medicinal and aromatic seeds (dill and coriander). To fulfill this objective, a developed planter with the pneumatic precision metering device was fabricated and tested in both laboratory and field. The performance of the developed planter was studied under some different operating conditions and compared to the traditional method. Physical and mechanical properties of seeds were investigated to optimize the design of the planters components. The experimental results in laboratory revealed the following: The feeding rate and the application rate of dill and coriander seeds increased with increasing the metering device rotational speed, increasing vacuum tube hole numbers and increasing forward speed. The experimental results in the field revealed the following: The field capacity recorded (0.20 and 0.016 fad./hr.) and (0.29 and 0.025 fad./ hr.) for dill and coriander crops with the developed machine and manual planting respectively. While field efficiency recorded (95.25 and 95.35%) for dill and coriander crops with the developed planter. At longitudinal direction; the maximum values of coefficient of variation recorded (34.67 and 27.73%) for dill and coriander crops with manual planting, while the minimum values recorded (11.75 and 5.97%) for dill and coriander crops with the developed planter. The highest values of seed yield recorded (0.317 and 0.975 Mg/fad.) with the developed planter and manual planting for dill and coriander crops, respectively. The minimum values of consumed energy were (14.21 and 19.99 kW.hr./fad.) for coriander crop with manual planting and the developed planter. While the maximum values were (22.2 and 28.98 kW.hr./fad.) for dill crop under the same conditions. The lowest cost per unit of production it recorded (24.88 and 73.62 LE/fad.) for dill crop with the developed planter and manual planting, respectively. While with coriander crop it recorded (149.43 and 356.36 LE/fad.) under the same conditions.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49833_1465a8931b54cb9bfaa8ffea14d9eaf9.pdf
2018-01-01
197
2011
10.21608/zjar.2018.49833
Vacuum
pneumatic
Precision
Dill
Coriander
metering
planting
Ola
Ahmad
ola_taha2011@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Morad
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Ali
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Abo-Elnaga
4
Agric. Eng. Inst., Agric. Res. Cen., Dokki, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATING OF A PROTOTYPE MACHINE FOR CARROT CROP HARVESTING SUITABLE FOR SMALL HOLDINGS
The aim of this paper is evaluating the performance of prototype carrot harvester recorded, as patent that specialized in carrot crop harvesting using lifting belts technique. Two groups of practical experiments were performed to evaluate the prototype machine. The first one is the preliminary experiments to find out the maximum length of the cultivated carrot variety to determine the optimum digging depth in addition to the optimum moisture contents of soil and foliage as well as the catch zone height. The second one is the main experiment that aims to evaluate the performance of the harvester under four forward speeds (1, 2, 3 and 4 km/hr.), four lifting- belt speeds (1, 2, 3 and 4 m/sec.); three belt tilt angles (30°, 35° and 40°) and three rake angles share of the digging share (15°, 20°, 25°) with taking into consideration the performance indicator that including the field capacity, field efficiency, harvesting losses, lifting efficiency, specific energy requirement and total harvesting cost compared to the manual harvesting. According to the preliminary experiments, the prototype carrot harvester should be used under soil and foliage moisture content of 17.7 and 27.8%, respectively at catch zone height of 15 cm and digging depth of 25 cm. Regarding the field experiment, the operation of carrot harvester using forward speed of 2 km/hr., belt speed of 2 m/sec., in other word the kinematic factor of 3.57 under belt tilt angle of 30° and share rake angle of 15° achieved the lowest losses of 0.18 Mg/fad., highest lifting efficiency of 98.54% , field efficiency of 92.50% with minimum total cost of 424.32 LE/fad., at actual field capacity of 0.0148 fad/hr. Ultimately, using of the carrot harvester reduced the harvesting cost with about 80.74 % compared to the manual harvesting method.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49835_23c4cf66aeb15a84972ba869ac3329dc.pdf
2018-01-01
213
226
10.21608/zjar.2018.49835
Small holdings
prototype
mechanical harvesting
carrot harvester
catch zone height
kinematic factor
Ahmed
Oda
aoda79@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Abd El-Wahab
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Tawfik
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
K.
Wasfy
4
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
KEFIR PRODUCTION FROM COW’S AND BUFFALO’S MILK UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS
In this work, the growth and activity of natural kefir starter and kefir grains starter cultures were evaluated in fermented cow and buffalo kefir. Viable cell counts of natural kefir starter and kefir grains starter cultures, physicochemical properties, viscosity, concentration of ethanol and sensory evaluation of the kefir samples were determined during refrigerated storage at 5±1°C for 21 days. Kefir made from buffalo milk by kefir grains cultures (KG-B) showed better retention of viability, ethanol content, viscosity and decreased the sensory properties comparing with another samples. The best sensory properties were noticed in kefir made from cow milk by natural kefir (KS-C), then after kefir made from cow milk by kefir grains (KG-C) respectively. Thus, the study demonstrates that the kefir production from cow milk using natural kefir starter culture may be preferred under Egyptian conditions which had the lowest ethanol concentration and will be accepted by Egyptian consumer.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49837_f1fd79c30c0834efe96f6a2bd9eeb6c7.pdf
2018-01-01
227
238
10.21608/zjar.2018.49837
Kefir
lactic acid bacteria
yeast
ethanol
viscosity
Mohamed
Elgarhy
mr306rowfan@yahoo.com
1
Dairy Res. Dept., Food Technol. Res. Inst. (FTRI), Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Omar
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
I.
Abou Ayana
3
Dairy Res. Dept., Food Technol. Res. Inst. (FTRI), Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Khalifa
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
UTILIZATION OF BARLEY MALT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR IN BISCUITS INDUSTRIES
The current study aimed to utilize hulled and naked barley malt as a substitute supplementation of wheat biscuits. Physicochemical properties of hulled and naked barley malt were studied. Wheat flour was substituted by 25, 30 and 35% of hulled and naked barley malt. The obtained results declared that the rheological characteristics of mixtures dough were altered by increasing the ratio of hulled and naked malt barley. Substitution with 25 and 30% hulled and naked barley malt had the best results which were relatively close to that of control sample. The physicochemical properties of biscuits enriched by hulled and naked barley malt that characterized by increasing both density, texture, water holding capacity and oil holding capacity. Chemical composition of enriched biscuits, for moisture, ash, dietary fiber, protein and minerals content were increased while fat and available carbohydrate content lowered. Sensory evaluation showed that substitution with 25% and 30% hulled and naked barley malt had the best sensory characteristics, and increased its content of dietary fiber and β-Glucan.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49839_747116eaaec17f1948c429d2b08aa22f.pdf
2018-01-01
239
249
10.21608/zjar.2018.49839
barley malt
β-Glucan
biscuits
Wheat Flour
Mohamed
El-Hadary
agronomohamad@gmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ghada
El-Arby
2
2. Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdel-Hady
3
Food Technol. Res. Inst., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Abo-Elmaaty
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND SENCORY PROPERTIES OF FROZEN CHICKEN BURGER SUBSTITUTED WITH CHICKEN BY-PRODUCTS
The present study aimed to develop an acceptable quality chicken burger by incorporation of poultry by-products i.e., (heart, gizzard, liver, abdominal fat and skin) at a level of 20%. The resultant burger samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation during storage up to 6 months. The obtained results indicated that there was a gradual decrease in moisture and protein contents of all burger samples during frozen storage. Whereas, control burger (CB) had the highest value (67.00%) but burger contained fat (FB) showed the lowest value (63.10%) of moisture content. (CB) contained the highest value (17.00%) but (FB) contained the lowest value (13.55%) of protein content. There was an increasing in water holding capacity WHC and ash contents during frozen storage period whereas (CB) contained the highest value (3.50) but (FB) contained the lowest value (3.12%) of ash content. (FB) contained the highest value (68.87%) but liver burger (LB) contained the lowest value (54.03%) of WHC.Moreover, there was an increasing in cooking loss in all samples during frozen storage. At the end of freezing storage, the results indicated that incorporation of gizzard and heart (20%) in chicken burgers showed the best organoleptic properties as compared to the control burger samples. It is also observed that incorporation of 20% heart and gizzard exhibited higher sensory scores and physicochemical properties. The sensory scores of all tested attributes declined significantly with the progress of storage period.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49843_2d9b1c0fc0e8653fcd6419ab22b4ce2b.pdf
2018-01-01
251
259
10.21608/zjar.2018.49843
Chicken burger
chicken by-products substituted
Physicochemical characteristics
sensory properties
Samar
Eid
samareidsamar@gmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac., Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Rabie
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac., Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Gehan
El-Shourbagy
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac., Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
El-Nemr
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac., Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR BY BARLEY AND OAT FLOUR ON THE CHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TOAST BREAD DOUGH
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement of wheat flour by barley or oat flour and the both together on the rheological properties of the toast bread dough. Wheat flour was substituted by six levels of barley and oat flour at a ratio of (5, 10 and 15% oat flour, 5, 10 and 15% barley flour) and were used in manufacture toast bread. The results showed that the bread containing 10% barley flour or 5% oat flour or both at ratio of 15 % gave the highest scores of sensory properties than the other treatments as well as the control. Therefore, these treatments (replacement of wheat flour by 10% barley flour or 5% oat flour or both by 15%) and their effect on rheological properties of toast dough were studied. The results obtained from farinograph showed that toast dough containing 10% barley increased the rate of absorption and duration of kneading dough and consistently for maximum strength and the weakness of the dough. However, the addition of 5% oats lowered the rate of absorption, while the access time and the stability of the dough and the dough weakness were increased. In the case of adding, both of barley and oat together as a replacement of wheat flour at a ratio of 15%, the results obtained of farinograph led to low rate of water absorption, while the arrival time, dough development, the dough stability and dough weakness were increased. Also, results of extensograph showed that adding barley at 10% led to a decline in rubber dough, flatten the resistance, the relative number and energy resulting dough. Moreover, addition of oats at 5% declined the rubber dough; figure the relative energy and the resulting dough while increasing resistance to flatten. Also in the case of mixing barley and oats together at ratio of 15% led to a decline in rubber dough. From the results, it can concluded that addition of barley at rate of 10% and oats at rate of 5% in the case of mixing barley and oats were the best ratio of 15% and replacement of water dough by sweet whey improved the rheological properties of dough.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49845_27fbf572eee3e15ae2ca89a92bb3df58.pdf
2018-01-01
261
269
10.21608/zjar.2018.49845
Bread dough
extensograph
farinograph
oat
Barley
Omnia
Darwish
darwish.35@yahoo.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Rabie
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Madiha
El-Shewy
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Hanan
Shalaby
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF FULL FAT AND DEFATTED FLAXSEED FLOUR ON THE QUALITY OF PAN BREAD
Full flaxseed flour (FFF) and Defatted flaxseed flour (DFF) are rich sources of some valuable biochemical compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids and dietary fiber. Effect of FFF and DFF at different addition levels (5, 10 and 15%) on the flour characteristics, dough rheological properties, bread chemical composition, physical and sensory characteristics of pan bread were investigated. The results of Mixolab analysis showed that flour water absorption and dough stability were decreased as FFF or DFF addition levels increased. Fortification of wheat flour with FFF and/or DFF up to 15% increased the crude protein from 12.05 to 14.47%, crude fiber from 0.37 to 1.38% and ash from 3.64 to 5.54% while, caloric values of the obtained bread were decreased. The results also showed that wheat flour could be fortified with FFF or DFF up to 10% for preparing high quality pan bread without any changes in its physical and sensory characteristics.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49847_112c705b165bacdb55d31300189eddb7.pdf
2018-01-01
271
279
10.21608/zjar.2018.49847
Full fat flaxseed
defatted flaxseed
Fortification
Pan bread
Sensory evaluation
Mahmoud
Mansour
mattef2018@gmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
G.
Galal
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Abu El-Maaty
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA IN FERMENTED FLAVOURED SOY MILK DRINKS DURING STORAGE
This study investigated the viability of probiotic bacteria and changes in pH in fermented flavoured soy milk drinks using ABY-1 starter culture which contains Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12. Soy milk supported the growth of all tested organisms through 21 days of storage at 5oC. Fermented soy milk was mixed with 4% sucrose and 15% of 3 kinds of fruits, banana, guava, and mango to produce ferminted flavoured soy milk drinks. All formulations showed probiotic viabilities ranging from 5 to 9 log cfu/g, and fruit pulps did not affect the probiotic viabilities.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49850_16c447f920456add049a9abb4438f76f.pdf
2018-01-01
281
292
10.21608/zjar.2018.49850
Soy milk
soy milk drinks
probiotic bacteria
Maged
Ismaiel
megoboss@gmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Abd El-Wahed
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Khalifa
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.Abdel Baky
Abdel Baky
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ashor
5
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ADDING Spirulina platensis IN PASTA PRODUCTS (SPAGHETTI)
Spirulina platensis can be regarded as an alternative and promising food ingredient due to their nutritional composition, richness in bioactive compounds, and because they are considered a sustainable protein source for the future. The objective of this study was to prepare fresh spaghetti enriched with different amounts of Spirulina platensis and to compare the fatty acid profile of spaghetti before and after cooking, with standard semolina spaghetti. The results showed that fatty acid profile of spaghetti prepared with Spirulina platensis incorporation, presented a high resistance to the thermal treatment applied during the cooking procedure. Increase the amount of Spirulina platensis lead to increase of fatty acids both in raw and cooked spaghetti.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49852_e7ec829f05548f811435a80d62370344.pdf
2018-01-01
293
300
10.21608/zjar.2018.49852
Spirulina platensis
spaghetti
fatty acids
Mahmoud
Abd El-Hameed
mkhairy@yahoo.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Abou El-Maatti
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Soheir
El-Saidy
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Somaya
Ahmed
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES BY In vitro TESTS
A total of 87 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated anaerobically from different food sources (yoghurt; Domiati cheese; fresh and fermented milk; mixed pickles and green olives), as well as human breast milk and infant stools. Only ten isolates showed high tolerance to pH 3.0 for three hours and therefore they were chosen for other studies. The selected isolates were identified based on physiological, biochemical and MALDI- TOF mass spectrometry identification. The most frequently observed genus was Lactobacillus (8 isolates) and one isolate seemed to be Enterococcus faecium and another isolate showed that it is Bifidobacterium bifidium. All of the tested species with a score value between 2.000 to 2.484 (100%) were correctly identified by MALDI -TOF- MS to the genus and species levels. The majority of LAB species were tolerant to 0.3% bile salts for up to 4 hrs but L. fermentum was the most tolerant. Four species exhibited partial bile salt hydrolase activity. All of the species survived in 1 mg/ml pancreatin for 4 hrs. However, two of them showed 1/10 decrease in their numbers. Eight species were non haemolytic. Most of the tested species were resistant to penicillin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), gentamycin (10 µg) and streptomycin (10µg). However other species showed variable resistance against the ten tested antibiotics according to NCCLS. The cell free supernatant of L. acidophilus (IS9) showed the highest antimicrobial property against all the indicator pathogens tested specially Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Therefore, these 10 species were found, in vitro, to possess desirable properties in order to use as probiotic for human consumption.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49856_cbe6bd14cf9d23029e23b584abc9ff56.pdf
2018-01-01
301
315
10.21608/zjar.2018.49856
lactic acid bacteria
probiotic
antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
Maha
Nader
mahanaderdiab@gmail.com
1
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Gewaily
2
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
V.
Bedrous
3
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
G.
Mohamed
4
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CONTAMINATION OF FERMENTED FOODS IN EGYPT WITH UNDESIRABLE BACTERIA
This study assessed the safety and quality of some fermented foods in Egypt. The fermented milk (yogurt), sour milk (Laban Rayeb) and flour fermented barley (Buza or Boza) samples were collected from Sharkia Governorate (Zagazig, Faqous, Abu Kebir and El Husseiniya District), Egypt. Total bacterial diversity, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, staphylococci and micrococci, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads and enterococci counts within each sample were determined. The identity of the isolates was established through microscopic, biochemical and molecular techniques. The total bacterial counts and lactic acid bacteria of analysed samples ranged from 6.70 to 9.23 log cfu/ml and 6.09 to 9.24 log cfu/ml, respectively. The overall results on the bacterial biota of the fermented foods revealed that total bacterial loads of yogurt, Laban Rayeb and Boza were 8.30, 9.23 and 8.19 log cfu/ml, respectively. Generally, results revealed that undesirable bacterial isolates from de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRS) and M17 selective media for lactic acid bacteria belonged to Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus genera and fungal isolates belonged to Saccharomyces and Candida. genera. The most dominant bacterial species identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis were B. sporothermodurans, B. thuringiensis, B. safensis, B. sphaericus B. tequilens, B. licheniformis, B. vietnamensis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, P. psychrotolerans, S. cohnii and S. saprophyticus. This study proved the presence of unusual bacteria contaminants (UBC) in the selected fermented foods. The UBSs could be pathogenic and/or toxigenic by producing various types of toxins.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_49860_72da10130797d7a2ce8e257c183a07ce.pdf
2018-01-01
317
329
10.21608/zjar.2018.49860
Yogurt
Laban Rayeb
buza
unusual bacteria contaminants
Bacillus
Safaa
Omar
samahgoub@zu.edu.eg
1
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Abd El-Fattah
2
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Howaida
Abdelbasit
3
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Mahgoub
4
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CROTON (Codiaeum variegatum L.) GENOTYPES AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS INDUCTION, MICRO PROPAGATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
The Main aim of this study was determine the effect of different croton(Codiaeum variegatum) genotypes (Gold Dust and Petra) and growth hormones on callus induction, micro propagation and antibacterial activities. Murashige and skoog (MS) medium with four compositions of growth hormones for callus induction, murshM1 (2 mg/l 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), M2 (3 mg/l 2, 4-D), M3 (2mg/l 1-Naphthalen acetic acid (NAA), M4 (1mg/l 2, 4-D + 1 mg/l NAA) were used. For micro propagation, four different hormone balance were used, i.e., M1 (1 mg/l Benzyl adenine (BA) + 25 mg/l peptone), M2 (1mg/l BA + 50mg/l peptone), M3 (3mg/l BA + 25mg/l peptone), M4 (3mg/l BA + 50mg/l peptone).For rooting induction the combinations of growth regulators were used as follows, Mr1 (1mg/lIndolbuteric acid(IBA), Mr2 (2mg/l IBA), and Mr3 (1mg/l IBA+ 1mg/l NAA). Results showed that the highest genetic response for callus induction frequencies were seen for Petra genotype (91.25%) followed by Gold Dust. Medium M3 showed the highest response for callus induction frequencies (82.4%) followed by M1.Interaction between genotypes and media each alone were highly significant in callus fresh weight character. Regarding the micro propagation, Petra genotype gave highly genetic response followed by Gold Dust, also medium (M1) gave highly response for micro propagation followed by M2. In vitro roots were successfully induced by (1 or 2) mg/l of IBA which gave longest and few roots, while 1mg/l NAA gave shorter and more root number. Plants with roots were moved to the green house for acclimatize in pots contain sand /farmyard manure (8:2VN). Alkaloids extracted from callus for both genotypes were detected for antibacterial activities against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Alkaloids extracted from calli for media M1 and M2 were gave a highest antibacterial activity. Finally the present results gives scientific evidence on the ideal composition of the media to product the alkaloid extracts from C. variegatum (Gold Dust and Petra) as medicinal plants to be used as antibacterial agents against different pathogens.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50062_8ce74cc9d2b5dd736aff93f1efbda45f.pdf
2018-01-01
331
347
10.21608/zjar.2018.50062
Codiaeum variegatum
tissue culture
Antibacterial activity
Acclimatization
Gehad
Bakheet
gogo_thefirst@yahoo.com
1
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Soliman
2
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdelkader
mohammedahmed1980@yahoo.com
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Elashtokhy
4
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE EVALUATION OF Hibiscus rosa-sinensis LEAVES AND POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) PEELS AQ UEOUS EXTRACTS ON MALE ALBINO RATS
The current study sought to investigate the influence of individual and combined in different levels of natural products (aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves-AEHRS, aqueous extract of pomegranate (punica granatum) peels-AEPP- and mixture of both) in order to assess the potency of the previous aqueous natural products extracts against liver diseases (oxidative stress). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT); alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were assayed after 7, 14 and 21 days. Male albino rats were used in this study which contained twelve groups, six animals each. Group (I) normal control without any extract of AEHRS leaves or AEPP. Group (II) injected with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) induced oxidative stress in rats (CCl4 control-treated group).Groups (III)leaves extract 250 mg/kg b.wt. of HRS, (IV) leaves extract 500 mg/kg b.wt. of HRS, (V) leaves extract 750 mg/kg b.wt. of HRS, (VI) peels extract 100 mg/kg b.wt. of P.granatum, (VII) peels extract 200 mg/kg b.wt. of P.granatum, (VIII) peels extract 300 mg/kg b.wt. of P.granatum, (IX) AEHRS leaves and AEPP mixture 125/125 mg/kg b.wt. (X) AEHRS leaves and AEPP mixture 225/225 mg/kg b.wt, (XI) AEHRS leaves and AEPP mixture 350/350 mg/kg b.wt .In addition, one group for carbon tetrachloride rats group which treated with AEHRS leaves and AEPP mixture 400/400 mg/kg b.wt (XII), respectively. All groups were received the extracts daily oral except for normal control group (I). The present data demonstrate that AEHRS leaves, AEPP and their mixtures significantly attenuated liver functions parameters in serum when comparing with normal control group (I) and intoxicated control group (II). These findings suggest that AEHRS leaves, AEPP and mixtures of both have a potent hepatoprotective effect, where ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin decreased from 29.55± 1.15 to 20.15±0.87U/l, from 47.97±1.66 to 30.99±1.78U/l, from 305.96±35.61 to 170.55±46.42 U/l and from 3.11±0.02 to 2.21± 0.81mg/dl respectively.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50065_f84afb80d023a49d56624ecffda2e1b7.pdf
2018-01-01
349
362
10.21608/zjar.2018.50065
Liver function parameters
aqueous extracts
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves
pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels
hepatoprotective role
Mahmoud
El-Sayed
1
Agric. Biochem. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., PO. Box 68, Hadayek, Shubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the dietary supplementation with different levels of ascorbic acid on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and carcass traits of growing rabbits under summer and winter conditions in Egypt. Factorial design experiment (2×4) was carried out including two seasons (winter and summer) and four levels of ascorbic acid 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g /kg diet. Results indicated that growth performance, daily feed intake, nutrients digestibility, nutritive values, hemoglobin, hematocrit, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Red blood cell counts, dressing (%) and organs (liver, kidney and heart) weight were significantly decreased at summer season compared with winter season. In contrast, ascorbic acid supplementation caused a significant increase in growth performance indices, organic matter (OM) digestibility, some blood parameters i.e., aspirate amino transferase (ALT, AST, urea, total protein and albumin) of growing rabbits. However, ascorbic acid supplementation showed insignificant effects in dressing percentage and relative weights of liver, kidney, heart, lung and spleen. On the other hand, the economical evaluation in this study showed that using of 0.5 or 1g ascorbic acid/kg diet in winter season and 0.5 g ascorbic acid/kg in summer season in the growing rabbit diets was more economical than the other treatment groups. Conclusively, the results revealed that fortification of rabbit diets with ascorbic acid especially level of 0.5 g/kg diet, economically, could enhance the growth performance of growing rabbit during mild and hot climate in Egypt.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50067_81dc835d838602aa65a6017114238960.pdf
2018-01-01
363
373
10.21608/zjar.2018.50067
Rabbits
ascorbic acid
Growth performance
digestibility
blood biochemistry
Islam
Sayed-Ahmed
saraahmed668@gmail.com
1
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
U.
Abd El-Monem
2
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Al-Sagheer
3
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
B.
Khalil
4
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL ZINC AND COPPER ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS
Forty-two New Zealand White male rabbits with average body weight 546.74g were randomly assigned to 7 groups (6 animals in each) in a completely randomized design to study the effect of dietary zinc supplementation through inorganic (ZnO) or organic (Zinc EDTA) sources in combinations with copper (CuSo4) on growth performance. Rabbits of the first group (T1) were given basal diet without any supplementations (control group), while the other 6 groups were given basal diet containing zinc and copper as follows: group 2 (T2) received basal diet + 250 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSo4, group 3 (T3) received basal diet + 500 mg Cu/kg diet, group 4 (T4) received basal diet +20 mg Zn from Zinc EDTA + 250 mg Cu/kg diet, group 5 (T5) received basal diet + 20 mg Zn from Zinc EDTA + 500 mg Cu/kg diet, group 6 (T6) received basal diet +20 mg Zn from ZnO + 250 mg Cu/kg diet and group 7 (T7) received basal diet + 20 mg Zn from ZnO + 500 mg Cu/kg diet, respectively. Live body weight, daily body gain, daily feed intake andfeed conversion ratio were significantly increased by feeding rabbits on diets supplemented with 250 or 500 mg Cu/ kg diet. More enhancements were recorded in rabbits fed with 20 mg zinc as ZnO and 250 mg copper (T6). Total protein concentration in blood serum was significantly increased in rabbits fed 20 mg Zn from Zn EDTA + 500 mg Cu/kg diet (T5). Also the same treatment increased ceriatenine (CREAT) concentration in blood serum. While, Cu supplementations at 250 (T2) or 500 (T3) mg/kg feed increased urea concentration. All supplementation treatments significantly increased pre-slaughter weight comparing to un-supplemented control rabbits. The highest pre-slaughter weight was found in rabbits fed with diet containing 250 mg Cu/kg diet (T2) or with 20 mg Zn from ZnO + 250 mg Cu/kg diet (T6). Weights of carcass, liver and kidney and dressing (%) as well as weights of head and hind part did not significantly affected with the tested supplementations.Economically final margin was increased in all rabbits fed supplemented feed. The highest income from gain and the highest final margin were recorded in rabbit groups fed diet supplemented with 250 mg Cu/kg diet (T2) or 20 mg Zn from ZnO + 250 mg Cu/kg diet (T6).
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50069_00ef8fba8e880f249d22bfb086db6180.pdf
2018-01-01
375
384
10.21608/zjar.2018.50069
Rabbits
zinc
copper
Growth performance
blood analysis
Carcass Components
economic efficiency
Amera
Helal
helalamera@yahoo.com
1
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
O.
AbdEl-Monam
2
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Naser
3
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ayyat
4
Anim. Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SPIRULINA AND PREBIOTIC (INMUNAIR 17.5) ON NEW-ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS PERFORMANCE
Twenty-four weanling New Zealand white rabbits (NWZ) at five weeks of age and nearly similar average body weight (682-693 g) randomly divided into four treatment groups (6 rabbits per group), each group was subdivided into three replicates (two rabbits per replicate). The 1stgroup fed the basal diet and given tap water without supplements as a control group, the 2nd group was fed the same basal diet and given tap water supplemented with Prebiotic (Inmunair 17.5Ò) at level (1 ml/ liter drinking water) three days in beginning of the experiment, the 3rdand 4thgroups were given tap water and fed diet supplemented with Spirulina at levels of 0.1 and 0.2% diet, respectively at all the period of experiment (8 weeks). Growth performance (live body weight, feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio) and carcass traits were studied. Results obtained showed that, significant (P<0.01) promoting effect on growth performance at 13 weeks of age of rabbits received Prebiotic (Inmunair 17.5) at 1 ml/ liter in drinking water for three days. The average of feed intake and feed conversion ratio of rabbits supplemented with Spirulina at levels 0.1 and 0.2% in the diet were improved significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01), respectively when compared with control. The studied carcass traits (Fore part, Hind part, liver, head, heart, lung, kidney and dressing) except spleen and lion were significantly higher in growing rabbits received drinking water supplemented with Inmunair 17.5 and rabbits fed on diet contained 0.1 and 0.2% spirulina compared with control group.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50070_d7344b8c91e10de9274ad98e404fac63.pdf
2018-01-01
385
393
10.21608/zjar.2018.50070
Rabbits
Growth
performance
Inmunair 17.5
prebiotics
Spirulina
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اســــتخدام العامليـــن الإرشـــادييــن الزراعييـــن للمــواقـــع الإلکترونيــة الــزراعية بمحافظة الغربية
استهدف البحث التعرف على مستوى معرفة العاملين الإرشاديين الزراعيين بالمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية ومستوى ثقتهم في المعلومات الموجودة على هذه المواقع الالکترونية الزراعية بالإضافة إلى مستوى استخدامهم للمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية، والوقوف على أهم العوامل التي تؤثر على استخدامهم لهذه المواقع، وتم تجميع البيانات بالمقابلة الشخصية باستخدام استمارة استبيان أعدت خصيصا لتحقيق أهداف البحث خلال شهري مارس وأبريل 2017 حيث تم اختيار عينة عشوائية طبقية منتظمة من العاملين الارشاديين بالجهاز الإرشادي بمحافظة الغربية وعددهم 345 فکان حجم العينة 192 مبحوث، حيث تم تحديد حجم العينة استنادا إلى جدول Krejcie and Morgan (1970) ، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام النسب المئوية والتکرارات، واختبار(ت) واختبار (ف) للحکم على المعنوية وکذلک معامل الارتباط البسيط لبيرسون، وأسفرت النتائج عن: ان حوالي نصف المبحوثين يعملون بالجمعيات الزراعية و أن أکثر من نصف المبحوثين تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين 50سنة فأکثر بمتوسط حسابي 48.21 وانحراف معياري قدرة 8.66، کما أن نصف المبحوثين حاصلين على مؤهل دبلوم زراعي وبالإضافة إلى أن قرابة ثلاثة أرباع المبحوثين غير متخصصين في الإرشاد الزراعي و حوالي ثلثي المبحوثين کانت مده العمل بالإرشاد الزراعي تتراوح من 1 إلى 11 سنه بمتوسط حسابي قدرة 9.68 وانحراف معياري 7.28، وأيضا أکثر من 80% من المبحوثين لم يحصلوا على دورات تدريبية في مجال تکنولوجيا المعلومات والإتصال، وان 44.8% من المبحوثين لا يمتلکون حاسب آلي، وکذلک 94.3% يمتلکون هاتف محمول، أما بالنسبة لمستوي معرفة المبحوثين بالمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية فکان 77.1% من المبحوثين کان مستوى معرفتهم منخفض للمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية المبحوثين أما بالنسبة لمستوي ثقة المبحوثين في المعلومات الموجودة على المواقع الالکترونية الزراعية کان 49.5% من المبحوثين مستوى ثقتهم ما بين عالية ومتوسطة في المعلومات الموجودة على المواقع الالکترونية الزراعية، أما عن مستوى استخدام المبحوثين للمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية فکان 84.4% من المبحوثين کان مستوى استخدامهم للمواقع الإلکترونية منخفض، وکذلک کانت أعلى المواقع استخداماً هي صفحة مديرية الزراعة بالغربية على الفيسبوک، کما توجد فروق معنوية في متوسطات درجات استخدام المبحوثين للمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية عند تصنيفهم علي أساس کلٍ من (مکان العمل، المؤهل الدراسي، تخصص المؤهل الدراسي، امتلاکهم للحاسب الآلي، امتلاکهم هاتف محمول) وکذلک توجد علاقة ارتباطيه معنوية بين استخدام المبحوثين للمواقع الالکترونية الزراعية والسن متغير معرفة المبحوثين بالمواقع الإلکترونية الزراعية ومتغير ثقة المبحوثين في معلومات المواقع الإلکترونية الزراعية وغير معنوية مع کل من (مدة العمل بالإرشاد الزراعي، عدد الدورات التدريبية التى حصل عليها المبحوث فى مجال تکنولوجيا الاتصالات و المعلومات).
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50075_34072706ee3a797afdaf7194166424c6.pdf
2018-01-01
395
407
10.21608/zjar.2018.50075
العاملين الارشاديين الزراعيين
تکنولوجيا المعلومات والإتصال
المواقع الإلکترونية الزراعية
مختار
عبد اللا
1
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة طنطا- مصر
AUTHOR
محمد
قاسم
2
معهد بحوث الإرشاد الزراعى والتنمية الريفية - مرکز البحوث الزراعية بالدقي - مصر
AUTHOR
عبد الباقي
الشايب
3
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة طنطا- مصر
AUTHOR
عصام
البعلي
4
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة طنطا- مصر
AUTHOR
محمد
رشوان
rashwan1990@yahoo.com
5
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة طنطا- مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تقييم استخدام الموارد السمکية بالإستزراع السمکى فى محافظة الشرقية
إستهدفت الدراسة تطور المستوى التقنى لاستخدام الموارد السمکية فى الإستزراع السمکى فى محافظة الشرقية بهدف رفع کفاءة إستخدام تلک الموارد واعتمدت الدراسة على منهج تحليل المحتوى للعديد من الدراسات الحديثة التى أعتمدت على عينات ميدانية من محافظة الشرقية وتناولت نمط المزارع السمکية الحوضية ونمط تربية الأسماک محملة على حقول الأرز، إلى جانب البيانات الثانوية المنشورة من کتاب الإحصاء السمکى الصادر عن الهيئة العامة لتنمية الثروة السمکية والبيانات الثانوية غير المنشورة من مديرية الزراعة بالشرقية، وأشارت الدراسة إلى أنه على الرغم من الجدوى الاقتصادية للمزارع السمکية الحوضية والتى بينتها جميع الدراسات السابقة، وتطور الإنتاجية والتکاليف وفقاً لتطور تکثيف عناصر الإنتاج، إلا أن هذه المزارع مازالت تعمل بکفاءة منخفضة حيث يستلزم رفع کفاءة عناصر الإنتاج خاصة زيادة مساحة المزرعة، ومعدل تحميل الزريعة، وکمية العلف، وزيادة فترة الإنتاج عن المتوسطات الحالية، هذا إلى جانب علاج المشاکل والمعوقات لتنمية المزارع الحوضية خاصة فيما يخص إستقرار الحيازة، والتى تُعد من أهم المشاکل التى تواجه المزارع المؤقتة والتى تمثل أکثر من 82% من المزارع فى المحافظة وأکثر من 79% من مساحة المزارع الأهلية وتنتج أکثر من 92% من حجم الإنتاج الکلى للأسماک فى المحافظة وخاصةً أنه تبين أن إستخدام الأراضى فى الإستزراع السمکى يحقق عائداً أفضل من إستخدمها فى الإستزراع النباتى وأفضل للتربة، ويرفع من کفاءة إستخدام الوحدة من المياه حيث أنه نشاط مستخدماً للمياه وليس مستهلکاً لها، بالإضافة إلى بعض المشاکل الآخرى مثل إرتفاع أسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج، وإرتفاع تکلفة العمالة وخاصة أثناء فترة الصيد،وإرتفاع نسبة النفوق فى زريعة الأسماک أثناء نقلها والتى تصل إلى حوالى 10%، ومشکلة التلوث وهى من أهم المشکلات التى تواجه المزارع السمکية حيث أنه مازالت توجد مزارع تستخدم مياه الصرف الصحى خاصةً منطقة (بحر البقر)، ويترتب على ذلک آثار سلبية بيئية وصحية على صحة المستهلک للأسماک والمُرَبى لها بالرغم من الأثر الإيجابى لإستخدام هذه المياه على إنتاجية وحدة المساحة الأرضية المستزرعة بالأسماک، أما فيما يتعلق بنمط تربية الأسماک محملة على حقول الأرز فالأمر يتطلب إعادة ضبط وهيکلة المنظومة لتفادى المعوقات وتحقيق الأهداف المرجوة.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_50076_66c20837647734105df7f6e369fc3766.pdf
2018-01-01
409
419
10.21608/zjar.2018.50076
الموارد السمکية
الإستزراع السمکي
محافظة الشرقية
محمد
عامر
1
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعى- کلية الزراعة- جامعة الزقازيق- مصر
AUTHOR
ريهام
المرسى
reham.hamdy@yahoo.com
2
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعى- کلية الزراعة- جامعة الزقازيق- مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR