ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INTEGRATED USE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, GAMMA IRRADIATION AND MAGNETITE IMPACT ON WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
A field experiment was carried out in an Experimental field, Abu-Hammad District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) to study the impact of six fertilization regimes and seven treatments of gamma irradiation and their combinations with magnetite on grain and straw yields and their components of wheat cultivar “Misr 1”. The most important results could be summarized as follows: the application of F1 [NPK (90 Kg N + 15.5 Kg P2O5 + 25 Kg K2O)/fad.] and F4 [Organic manure (3 tonnes compost/ fad.) + ½ NPK] fertilization regimes resulted in the highest averages for all studied traits i.e. No. of grains/spike, grain weight/spike (g), 1000- grain weight (g), No. of spikes /m2, grain yield (ardab/fad.) and straw yield (tonne /fad.). These results are in favour of F4 fertilization regime, which reduced production costs and pollution in addition to sustaining soil fertility through the favourable effect of organic matter on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. With regard to gamma irradiation and magnetite effects, irradiated grains with 10 Gy gamma irradiation, produced the highest average for each of No. of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and No. of spikes/m2, in addition to grain yield. Meanwhile, grain irradiation with gamma dose 20 Gy with 150 kg magnetite/fad., or without magnetite addition produced the highest straw yield. The interaction between the two studied factors did not reach the level of significance regarding grain and straw yields/fad., and their components during the two growing seasons and their combined data, therefore the addition of 3 tonnes compost/fad. + half of the recommended dose of NPK could be recommended to maximize yield and reduce environmental pollution.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101559_48de00741af6ce60725e5f73e94afadc.pdf
2016-01-01
1
10
10.21608/zjar.2016.101559
Fertilization regimes
Gamma Irradiation
Magnetite
Wheat
AbdAllah
El-Sanatawy
elsanatawyabdallah@yahoo.com
1
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
El-Khawaga
2
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
O.
Zeiton
3
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Basha
4
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SOME BIO-CHEMICAL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION REGIMES IMPACTS ON WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) PRODUCTIVITY
On- farm field experiments were conducted to assess the impacts of some nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) bio-chemical fertilization regimes on wheat grain yield and its components and harvest index of wheat cultivar Misr-1. Experiments were conducted in a farmer's field, El-Sheikh Essa Viallage, Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive winter seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The five nitrogen fertilization regimes (NFR) studied were (control ; 100 kg N/fad.; 75 kg N/fad. + cerealine; 50 kg N/fad.+ cerealine; cerealine) as well, the seven phosphorus fertilization regimes (PFR) studied were (control; 15 kg P2O5/fad.; phosphorien; mycorrhiza; 7.5 kg P2O5/fad. + phosphorien ; 7.5 kg P2O5/fad. + mycorrhiza ; phosphorien + mycorrhiza). Regarding the impact of (NFR), results show that, whatever the NFR applied, it caused significant increase over the control in each of spike No./m2, grain weight/spike, grain No./spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield/fad., and harvest index. The appliance of the dual bio-chemical fertilizers i.e., (75 kg N/fad.+ cerealine) ranked at the top in grain yield/fad., and the main components i.e. spike number/m2, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight. As for PFR, results revealed that availability of phosphorus via the application of any PFR surpassed the control in each of spike No./m2, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield/fad. The PFR which included both chemical and bio-fertilizers i.e. (7.5 kg P2O5/ fad. + phosphorien) outyielded other PFR, and was excellency in each of spike No./m2, grain weight/spike, grain number/spike and harvest index.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101561_52580b0dcb5748b64c2ffa5a8a4ac950.pdf
2016-01-01
11
28
10.21608/zjar.2016.101561
Bio-chemical fertilization
nitrogen
phosphorus
Fertilization regimes
wheat productivity
Amira
Khattab
mero_wafa@yahoo.com
1
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
El-Khawaga
2
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Saleh
3
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
I.
Ramadan
4
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS TO VARYING SOWING DATES AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS
Two field experiments were conducted at Abazah Village, Faqous District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, to study the effect of three sowing dates (November 10th, November 30th and December 20th), three nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 90 and 120 kg N/fad.) and four wheat cultivars (Gemmizea 11, Sids 12, Giza 164 and Misr 1) on yield and yield attributes of wheat under sandy soil conditions. Each experiment included 36 treatments, which were the combinations of three sowing dates, three nitrogen fertilizer levels and four wheat cultivars. A split-split plot design with three replicates was used where; the main plots were devoted to sowing dates while the sub plots were occupied by nitrogenfertilizer levels whereas wheat cultivars were allotted in the sub-sub plots. The obtained results revealed that plant height, number of spikes /m2, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight as well as grain, straw and biological yields/fad., were significantly higher on November,30th sowing as compared to other sowing dates. Nitrogen fertilizer level affected significantly all studied traits. Since, increasing nitrogen fertilizer level up to 120 kg N/fad., significantly increased plant height, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/ spike as well as grain, straw and biological yields/fad., while 1000-grain weight significantly decreased. On the other side, number of spikes /m2 was responded only to nitrogen up to 90 kg N/fad. (Combined data). Misr 1 cv. recorded the maximum plant height, number of spikes/m2 as well as grain, straw and biological yields/fad., but without significant differences than Gemmizea 11 in grain and biological yields. Otherwise Sids 12 surpassed other cultivars in spike length, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101563_8d674b650233b04ef57d88ac8b4f10f5.pdf
2016-01-01
29
48
10.21608/zjar.2016.101563
Wheat cultivars
sowing dates
nitrogen levels
sandy soil
yield and its attributes
AbdAllah
Fadle
1
Agent. Agric., Manag., Fakous, Sharkia, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
El-Bana
adel_elbna@yahoo.com
2
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Omar
3
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdul Hamid
4
Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثير المايکورايزا وملوحة ماء الري والفا- توکوفيرول على نمو وإزهار نبات الإستوما [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] صنف کروما
أجريت هذه التجربة لدراسة تأثير اللقاح بفطر المايکورايزا وملوحة ماء الري والألفاتوکوفيرول على نمو وإزهار نبات الإستوما[Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] صنف F1"Croma"تضمنت ثلاثة عوامل، الأول اللقاح الحيوي الفطري بالمايکورايزا بمستويين (M0 بدون لقاح وM1 15 جم /شتلة) باستخدام فطريات المايکورايزا Glomus intraradices و Glomus mosseae ، والثاني ملوحة ماء الري (ماء بزل) بأربع مستويات S0) ؛ ماء الإسالة و S1 ؛ 3dsm-1 و S2 ؛ 6 dsm-1 و S3؛ (9 dsm-1 جرى إعدادها بخلط ماء البزل مع ماء الإسالة وبدأت المعاملة بالمستويات الملحية بعد شهر من زراعة الشتلات في أرض الظلة، والثالث المعاملة بالالفاتوکوفيرول (فيتامين E) بثلاث مستويات T0) ؛ الرش بالماء المقطر و T1؛ الرش بـ 50 ملجم /لتر فيتامين E) و T2) ؛ الرش بـ 100 ملجم /لتر فيتامين E). تم الرش بهذه التراکيز بعد 25يوماًمن الزراعةفي المکان الدائم وبواقع رشة واحدة کل اسبوعين حتى موعد التزهير. وبينت النتائج، أن تلقيح نبات الإستوما بفطر المايکورايزا قلل معنوياً الآثار الضارة الناجمة عن ملوحة ماء الري (ماء البزل) وخفض فعالية مضادات الأکسدة الأنزيمية (POD , CAT , SOD). کما أدت إلى زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري والزهري (أرتفاع النبات ومحتوى الأوراق من صبغة الکلوروفيل وعدد النورات / نبات والعمر المزهري للأزهار المقطوفة)، کما حسنت معاملة اللقاح الحيوي معنوياً في صفات النمو الجذري (المساحة السطحية للجذور وعدد الأبواغ ونسبة الإصابة المايکورايزية) فيما زادت فعاليات مضادات الاکسدة (POD , CAT , SOD) بارتفاع ملوحة ماء الري فقد سجل المستوى ((9dsm-1 أعلى القيم لفاعلية الانزيمات، وأن المعاملة بالألفاتوکوفيرول (فيتامين E) بترکيز 100 ملجم/لتر أدت إلى حدوث انخفاض معنوي في فاعلية مضادات الاکسدة الأنزيمية. کما أدت ملوحة مياه الري إلى خفض أرتفاع النبات والکلوروفيل وعدد النورات والعمر المزهري والمساحة السطحية للجذور وعدد الأبواغ والإصابة المايکورايزية إذ أعطى المستوى ((9dsm-1 أقل المعدلات وأن المعاملة بالألفاتوکوفيرول (فيتامين E) بترکيز 100 ملجم/ لتر أدت إلى تحسين جميع صفات النمو الخضري والزهري والجذري قيد الدراسة.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101566_6fcdb0375558a6859abfc0d609d95fa0.pdf
2016-01-01
49
65
10.21608/zjar.2016.101566
فطر المايکورايزا
ملوحة ماء الري
الفا-توکوفيرول
نبات الإستوما
صفات النمو الخضري والزهري
سوسن
عبد اللطيف
sawsanlatif@yahoo.com
1
کلية الزراعة - جامعة بغداد - العراق
LEAD_AUTHOR
قيس
الصالحي
2
کلية التقنية - جامعة الفرات - المسيب - العراق
AUTHOR
کوثر
المعموري
3
کلية التقنية - جامعة الفرات - المسيب - العراق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING PATTERNS ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND COMPTATION INDICES OF ONION, FENNEL AND CORIANDER PLANTS
This investigation aimed to study the effect of intercropping patterns of onion with fennel and coriander on growth, yield components, chemical constituents and competition indices. Simple experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Agricultural Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt during winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Cropping patterns were allocated to the different planting ratios (onion: fennel or coriander as 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) and sole onion, sole fennel and sole coriander as a control. Results revealed that alternating one row of each of fennel or coriander with three rows of onion, mostly, gave the highest values of growth parameters, yield per plant and volatile oil production as well as chemical constituents of apiaceous crops in the two seasons. Also, intercropping pattern of 1coriander:2 onion gave the highest values of onion NPK uptake and protein content per bulb. Generally, the highest values of LER (land equivalent ratio), ATER (area time equivalent ratio), LUE (land utilization efficiency) and RCC (relative crowding coefficient) were (1.206 and 1.288), (1.126 and 1.207), (113.81 and 121.99%) and (2.552 and 4.033) in first and second seasons, respectively which were achieved by intercropping pattern of one row of coriander with two rows of onion. Also, aggressivity values indicated that apiaceous component crops (fennel or coriander) were the dominant, whereas onion was the dominated one in intercropping patterns. Generally, these mixtures seem promising in the development of sustainable crop production with a limited use of external inputs. They can be used by the farmers in Sharkia Governorate conditions as they are the most profitable systems with the greatest yield advantages.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101568_4d2d95c417e470fc4f51baf06186e2e5.pdf
2016-01-01
67
83
10.21608/zjar.2016.101568
Onion
Fennel
Coriander
Intercropping
Growth
yield
LER
ATER
LUE and RCC
M.
Abdelkader
mohammedahmed1980@yahoo.com
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Mohsen
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFICIENCY OF THREE BIOINSECTICIDES SPRAY IN PREHARVEST TO CONTROL PEACH FRUIT FLY DURING POSTHARVEST OF GUAVA SEEDLESS FRUITS
This experiment was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons on guava seedless fruits to study the effect of spray of three bioinsecticides; Biozeid 2.5%, Pritecto 9.4% and Bioarc 6% three levels each (300, 250 and 200g/100 l water) at preharvest to control peach fruit fly during postharvest of guava fruits. Stored fruits at 8°C and RH.85-90%. Weight loss,firmness,total soluble solides, carotenoids, acidity and vitamin C, were determind. The highest effect for controlling peach fruit fly observed with Bioarc 6% treatments of guava fruits in both seasons. The results indicated that, there was lower weight loss with fruits which were treated by Biozeid 2.5% and by Pritecto 9.4%. Firmness, carotenoids and vitamin C. were significantly higher with fruits treated by Bioarc 6%, but total soluble solid was significantly higher in fruits treated by Biozeid 2.5% in both seasons. In both seasons, weight loss percentage, total soluble solid contents (TSS) and carotenoids were increased significantly by the advancing of storage periods but firmness, total acidity and vitamin C. decreased during storage.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101570_022dc8a65ba4393e66bab6430a6d8acb.pdf
2016-01-01
85
98
10.21608/zjar.2016.101570
bioinsecticides
peach fruits fly
Biozeid
pritecto
Bioarc
Naglaa
Yassin
nagla_ys@yahoo.com
1
Hort. Res. Station, Sabahia, Alex., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC. Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anas
Ahmed
2
Plant Prot. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Station, Sabahia., ARC. Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE AND GAMMA RADIATION ON GROWTH AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF (Zea mays L.) PLANTS
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an important signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. In the present study, grains of maize (strain G4) which were irradiated with gamma irradiation doses (15 and 30 Gy) or sprayed with sodium nitroprusside (150 and 300µM) induced significant enhancement on growth, photosynthetic pigments, and the content of Fe, Zn , Mg , Ca and Cu. The most enhancement effect was observed with spraying treatment (300µM SNP) or (15 Gy) gamma radiation dose. Antioxidant enzymes peroxidase, malate dehydrogenase, and Polyphenyl oxidase (PPO) isoenzymes electrophoresis showed appearance and disappearance of some bands with variation in density.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101572_3d2c8c6c741ec96c4934569b6802bf8a.pdf
2016-01-01
99
110
10.21608/zjar.2016.101572
Maize (Zea mays L.)
Nitric oxide (NO)
sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
foliar spray
total pigments
mineral concentrations
isoenzymes electrophoresis
Noha
Eliwa
nohaeliwa@hotmail.com
1
Nat. Prod. Dept., Nat. Cent. Rad. Res. and Technol., Atomic Ener. Authority, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Iman
Farag
2
Nat. Prod. Dept., Nat. Cent. Rad. Res. and Technol., Atomic Ener. Authority, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PATHOLOGIACL STUDIES ON Alternaria brassicicola AND Phoma lingam LEAF SPOT DISEASES ON CANOLA PLANTS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Black leaf spot and blackleg diseases of canola were studied during three successive growing seasons (2010 /2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013) in four Governorates (Giza, Ismaillia, Gharbia and Sharkia). The causal organisms were isolated from infected leaf samples, identified as Alternaria brassicicola (Sch.) Wiltshire and Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm and inspected for their pathogenic potentiality. Pactol was the most resistant canola cultivar while, Serw 4 was very susceptible one. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was highly susceptible host to be infect with the tested fungal genera compared with the other tested ones. Level of N1P1K1 fertilizer reduced disease incidence and severity. All tested bioagents reduced disease severity using attached leaf technique two days after inoculation. Trichoderma harzianum Rifai was the most effective in reducing severity of alternaria black spot disease. While T. viride Pers.reduced severity of blackleg disease. On the other hand, Bacillus subtilis reduced canola leaf spot disease caused by A. brassicicola and P. lingam. The tested fungicides reduced severity of canola disease using attached leaf. The disease severity caused by A. brassicicola was significantly reduced by Carbendazim. While, opposite results were obtained with P. lingam. The highest significant reduction percent was obviously noted when the higher Ridomil-Mancozeb concentration, was sprayed. On the other hand, Carbendazium was found to be the less effective fungicide in controlling P. lingam when the infected attached leaves examined under greenhouse conditions.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101573_b6a123eb1fe96a6cc2e083990ab2ef7c.pdf
2016-01-01
111
125
10.21608/zjar.2016.101573
Alternaria brassicicola
Phoma lingam
canola
black spot
blackleg
Abrar
Mohammed
barby_279@yahoo.com
1
Expert Sector at Ministry of Justice, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dawlat
Abdel-Kader
2
Plant Pathol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Aly
3
Plant Pathol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
El-korashy
4
Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Ismaillia Agric. Res. Station, ARC
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE IN CUCUMBER PLANTS AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants are liable to infect by many fungal pathogens. However, powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is a very damaging. Foliar application of cucumber plants cv. Beit Alpha with the fungicide thiophanate - methyl (Topsin 70% WP) as a comparison treatment, potassium silicate (5 m/l), dry yeast (4000 mg/l) and ascorbic acid (100 mg/l), significantly reduced disease severity by 86.00, 68.31, 50.86 and 42.03%, respectively compared with the untreated plants in 2013 season. The same trend was found in 2014 season (86.02, 71.33, 48.06 and 45.27%), respectively. Moreover, the aforementioned treatments significantly increased each of plant height/plant, number of leaves/plant, dry weight/plant and number of flowers as well as yield components (number of fruits/plant and mean of fruits weight/plant). Also, the treatments increased peroxidase activity and total phenolic content. Reduction in disease severity was positively correlated with both of peroxidase activity (R2 = 56.3, P ˂ 0.005) and total phenolic content (R2 = 77.2, P ˂ 0.005). Foliar application with potassium silicate, dry yeast and ascorbic acid at the rate of 5ml, 4000 mg and 100 mg/l induced new pathogenesis related proteins (PR-protein) with various molecular weights in the shoots of cucumber plants upon natural infection with the powdery mildew pathogen. Furthermore, these treatments resulted in a significant increase of N, P, K contents of vegetative shoots.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101574_a43698823ffc2865fb23729a9b2ba60d.pdf
2016-01-01
127
139
10.21608/zjar.2016.101574
Cucumber
powdery mildew
foliar spray
induced systemic resistance
peroxidase activity
Total phenolic content
pathogenesis-related protein
Gehad
Abd El-Wahab
gehadmoali@gmail.com
1
Veg. Dis. Res. Dept., Pl. Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marawa
Ismail
2
Veg. Dis. Res. Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND ECOTYPES OF EGYPTIAN VINCA ROSA (Catharanthus roseus) ON CALLUS INDUCTION AND ALKALOIDS PRODUCTION
Objective of the study is to estimate the effect of growth regulators and different ecotypes of Egyptian Catharanthus roseus such as (Ismailia, Fayoum, Alexandria, Sharkia and Cairo) on callus induction and alkaloids production. Different growth regulators combinations were applied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with four different growth regulators, i.e. M1 (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) 1.0 μM and Benzyl adenine (BA) 0.5 μM), M2 (2, 4-D 0.5 μM and BA 1.0 μM), M3 (BA 1.0 μM and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.5 μM) and M4 (BA 0.5 μM and NAA 1.0 μM). M1 medium gave the highest value for callus induction frequencies (75%) and callus fresh weight (1.87 g) for produced callus from leaf while the stem produced callus (0.7 g) was the higher too than other mediums. The total alkaloids content (TAC) was estimated using spectrophotometer with Bromocresol green (BCG). The results showed that TAC outperformed in produced callus from stem explant than leaf produced callus, leaf and stem of original plant. The important result showed that the Fayoum ecotype was the highest alkaloid content (2.22 mg/g) for produced callus from stem explant than all studied ecotypes.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101575_47e5f1d77f2b2b8f70582f19bd5547d0.pdf
2016-01-01
141
150
10.21608/zjar.2016.101575
Catharanthus roseus ecotypes
total alkaloids content
callus induction
Yasser
Ghareeb
yaser_ezzat2002@yahoo.com
1
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Soliman
2
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
T.
Ismail
3
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Hassan
4
Genet. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN M1 LEVEL IN MILK AND SOME DAIRY PRODUCTS
The present study was carried out in the laboratory of agricultural microbiology Department, faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, in summer and winter seasons 2013 and 2014. In order to study the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk, kareish cheese and yoghurt. AFMI was detected in raw milk in only 10 out of 12 samples (83.3%) in each season. Winter season had higher AFMI concentration than summer season with the mean values of 311.8 and 207.0 ng/l, respectively. AFMI was detected in all samples of kareish cheese (24 samples) in summer as well as in winter season. Winter season had higher AFMI concentration than summer season with average values of 651.36 and 527.40 ng/kg, respectively. The present results observed that 83.33% of cheese sample examined exceeding the limits of EU (50 ng/kg), and (70.83%) of cheese samples examined exceeding the limits of codex (500 ng/kg) in both summer and winter seasons. In yoghurt, the AFMI did not detect in 3 out of 12 samples of yoghurt tested. In summer season the positive samples ranged from 31.46 to 66.05 ng/kg with average of 39.13 ng/kg. AFMI did not detect in only one out of 12 samples tested in winter season. Also, the positive samples ranged from 56.6 to 84.14 ng/kg with an average of 64.68 ng/kg. Cheese had a higher concentration of AFMI than both raw milk and yoghurt. Also, yoghurt had the lowest concentration of AFMI comparing to raw milk and cheese. Heating treatments reduced the concentrations of AFMI in all raw milk samples tested. Boiling caused 26.71% degradion of AFMI, whereas pasteurization caused only 15.45% degredation. In yoghurt, two strains of probiotic bacteria (lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) individually were gradually reduced the concentration of AFMI in contaminated milk with 25 ppt, as a function of time with complete elimination by the end of storage period (3 days) at refrigerator, while the cocktail of the two strains showed more ability for reducing AFMI. Both probiotic bacteria (L. acidophilus and B. lactis) showed more ability for reducing AFMI in contaminated milk with 50.0 ppt or 75 ppt.The most important reductions of AFMI concentration were 41.80 ppt (45.3%), 2.6 ppt (69.90%) and 7.12 ppt (92.8%) which achieved by using the same concentration individually of each strain and in combination, respectively, in contaminated milk with 75ppt after two days. No AFMI was detected using combined strains after three days.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101576_365d2e4e175c48fc4467ba139a14c4c0.pdf
2016-01-01
151
163
10.21608/zjar.2016.101576
Aflatoxin M1
Raw milk
Milk product
heating
probiotic bacteria
Doaa
Ibrahim
zater2020@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, Postal Code (44511)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatma
El-Zamik
2
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, Postal Code (44511)
AUTHOR
G-
Mohamed
3
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, Postal Code (44511)
AUTHOR
Howaida
Abdl El-Basit
4
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, Postal Code (44511)
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MIROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME EGYPTIAN TRADITIONAL FOODS AS AFFECTED BY STORAGE
The safety of ready-to-eat foods is an important topic in today's life. Improper handling of ready-to-eat food items may result in foodborne outbreaks. In this study, koshari, vegetable salad and couscous were selected as the target ready-to-eat foods for a microbiological survey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of koshari, vegetable salad and couscous sold in Zagazig shops in Sharkia Governorate. A total of 39 samples were collected from food stores in winter and summer seasons. They were tested for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms causing food poisoning (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterococci and staphylococci), spoilage microorganisms (fungi and yeasts), total aerobic viable counts, lactic acid bacteria and coliform groups. The study also aimed to monitor the population changes of the previous microbial groups during the storage of these foods at refrigerator temperature (5 – 7ºC) and abuse conditions of room temperature (22±2 ºC) . By comparing the three tested foods, generally vegetable salad had the highest microbial populations, followed by koshari, then couscous. The numbers of Salmonella and Shigella were 6.15, 5.47and 4.89 log cfu/g in summer for vegetable salad, koshari and couscous, respectively. Also, the average microbial counts in summer are clearly higher than those in winter. Generally, the microbial numbers kept increasing for several days, then started to decrease. For most microbial groups, the peak of their numbers were at days 5, 3-5 and 6-8 for koshari, vegetable salad and couscous, respectively. By looking at microbial numbers changes in vegetable salad stored in refrigerator, enterococci increased up to 2.26 log cfu/g after 5 days, staphylococci increased up to 0.12 log cfu/g after 1 day, coliforms increased up to 0.77 log cfu/g after 3 days and Salmonella and Shigella increased up to 0.45 log cfu/g after 2 days. All of these groups started to decrease thereafter. Based on the current results, it is higher recommended to follow routine inspections and training of vendors to improve the microbiological quality of food products.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101577_c3526b8adcd670793095cc5b8e588718.pdf
2016-01-01
165
176
10.21608/zjar.2016.101577
Storage
Traditional Food
Foodborne pathogens
Koshari
Vegetable salad
Couscous
Aya
Farrag
yoyofarag@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nahed
El-Wafai
2
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Howaida
Abdel-Basit
3
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Hegazy
4
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPROVING THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF COLD-SMOKED CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus L.) FILLETS TREATED WITH PHOSPHATE DURING COLD STORAGE
Phosphate has been successfully used in food processing. They are multi-purpose, generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and legally permitted additives to improve the quality of many foods. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on the chemical, physical, microbiological and organoleptic quality attributes of cold-smoked catfish (ClariasgariepinusL.) fillets during storage at 4±1°C for 30 days. Results indicated that control samples have been shown to decrease colour, odour, taste and texture, and show a gradual deterioration in quality attributes with cold storage. The rates (p<0.05) of these deteriorations are increased as the time of cold storage progressed. On the other hand, STPP treated samples exhibit higher significance of (p<0.05) moisture, protein and fat contents, at any given time of storage as compared with control samples. The present data also demonstrate lower significant values (p<0.05) of ash content, total volatile bases nitrogen (TVBN), trimethyl amine nitrogen (TMAN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH-value, total bacterial, E. coli, moulds, yeasts, and psychrotrophic bacterial counts in phosphate treated samples. Panellist’s evaluation indicated preference for STPP-treated samples when compared with control samples. Results indicated that chemical, physiochemical, microbiological and sensorial quality advantages have been resulted from soaked catfish fillets before smoking in different levels of sodium tripolyphosphate solution for 10 min. It could be concluded that, catfish fillets treated with 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) for 10 min., cold smoked and packaged in polyethylene bags an alternative way to improve the quality of cold-smoked catfish fillets during cold storage at 4±1°C for 30 days.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101578_8699660f1d7e9e8b7f8feb5c99eceb84.pdf
2016-01-01
177
193
10.21608/zjar.2016.101578
catfish
smoked fillets
Cold storage
Phosphate
Waleed
Abo El-Magd
waleedaboelmagd2012@yahoo.com
1
Cent. Lab. Aquac. Res., Agric. Res. Cent., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Ali
2
Cent. Lab. Aquac. Res., Agric. Res. Cent., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
El-Nemr
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ragab
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF DIETARY INTERVENTION ON REDUCING LEVEL OF THE HYPERURICEMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary intervention of different concentrations (5% and 10%) from parsley (seeds and leaves), cherry and tomato on hyperuricemia in rats. This study was carried on 80 male albino rats; Sprague-Dawley strain weighing (130±10 g). The experimental period was 6 weeks. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum uric acid and urea nitrogen as compared to positive control (+ve) and also significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-C as compared to control positive group. The best results of histological examination of liver were in rats group treated with 5 and 10% cherry followed by parsley seeds and leaves 10%. While the best histological examinations of kidney were observed in parsley seeds and leaves 10% followed by 5%. It could be concluded that parsley (leaves and seeds), tomato and cherry reduce serum uric acid and urea nitrogen levels and improve kidney and liver functions.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101579_784acfbefc0d81399ba2657d1f40b277.pdf
2016-01-01
195
208
10.21608/zjar.2016.101579
dietary
Arthritis
Uric acid
Gout
Hamdy
Mahdy
1
Nut. Biochem. and Metabolism Dept., Nat. Nut. Inst., Egypt
AUTHOR
Amal
Emara
emara1989@yahoo.com
2
Nut. Biochem. and Metabolism Dept., Nat. Nut. Inst., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF DIFFERENT CITRUS SPECIES AND VARIETIES ON INFESTATION WITH CITRUS LEAFMINER Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) IN EGYPT
This investigation was carried out to study the relationship between citrus leafminer (CLM) Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and some factors i.e. flushes (growth cycles), leaf area, leaf age, citrus varieties, some chemical contents in leaves and storage fruits of six citrus varieties and species at El-Kassasien District, Ismailia Governorate and Minia El-Kamh District, Sharikia Governorate orchards for three successive seasons 2013, 2014 and 2015. The results could be summarized as follows: infestation started to appear in small leaves (0.4-0.9, 1.8-2.7, 1.1-1.7 cm2 for orange varieties) and (0.3, 0.9, 0.8 cm2 for mandarin) in different emerged flushes (spring, summer and autumn), respectively during seasons 2013 and 2014. Also, leaf blade was not infested when area reached more than 3.2- 3.8, 6.5- 7.6 and 6.5- 7.0 cm2 in orange varieties as well as 1.6, 2.9 and 2.0 cm2 in mandarin through spring, summer and autumn flushes, respectively. The young leaves less than three days old were subjected more to highly infestation rate than old ones. Percentage of infestation, significantly decreased in descending order (autumn, summer and spring flushes cycle, respectively). The new sprouted growth in spring flush (March) were least damaged and escaped from CLM infestation. The tested citrus species and varieties showed significant differences in infestation rates with CLM, where navel orange recorded the highest followed by valencia orange, mandarin, sweet orange, baladi orange and sour orange. The effect of certain chemical contents (volatile oil contents, phenols, total carbohydrates, total protein and pH level) in some citrus varieties leaves on infestation rate of CLM was investigated. Total content of volatile oils in citrus leaves was affected by diversity of varieties. Differences of citrus infestation rates with CLM depend on total content of volatile oils in some citrus leaves of tested varieties and other varieties have no relation with volatile content. The present study demonstrates the effect of phenols content on insect infestation rate. Meanwhile, high total carbohydrate in leaves of citrus varieties showed a significantly lower infestation with CLM. Total proteins and pH level in citrus leaves showed no relation with CLM infestation. Fruits storage on trees after the normal date of harvesting increased significantly CLM infestation, where infestation in navel orange reached 42.88 and 47.44% after storage 90-120 days compared with 31.72 and 34.83% in normal date of harvesting, Also, infestation in mandarin reached 38.66 and 41.55% after storage compared with 24.00 and 27.33% in normal harvesting date.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101879_8f4c195a87e2f2b41b7e466b656ac75e.pdf
2016-01-01
209
224
10.21608/zjar.2016.101879
citrus leafminer
leaf age
Leaf area
flushes
citrus varieties
fruits storage on trees
chemical consituents
Shimaa
El-Maghraby
meshmeshian@yahoo.com
1
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Metwally
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Hegab
3
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mohsen
4
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mosallam
5
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN A FIELD STRAIN OF Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE FIELD RATES OF NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES IN ARTIFICIAL DIET
Neonicotinoid insecticides such as thiamethoxam (TMX), thiacloprid (TCD), imidacloprid (ICD) and acetamprid (AMD) are selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and their use has been increasing exponentially. The work aimed to investigate the effects of these compounds on biochemical markers of the 4th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis. TMX, TCD, ICD and AMD were individually mixed in artificial diet at field application rate. The fourth instar larvae were allowed to feed on contaminated or clean diets as untreated control for 1 and 24 hr. The biomarkers of total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and general esterases were determined in the whole larval homogenates. Results showed that ICD, significantly decreased TP, ALT, AST, ALP and AChE after 24 hr., of exposure. TCD, significantly decreased ALP and SOD (24 hr., of exposure) and GST (after 1 and 24 hr., of exposure). Unexpectedly, TCD induced AChE activity after 24 hr., of exposure. Colorimetric determination of esterases showed significant increase in activity after 1 and 24 hr., of exposure to ICD recording 268.6 and 282.1 nmol/min/mg protein compared with 92.3 and 100.8 nmol/min/mg protein of control, respectively. The obtained results were confirmed electrophoretically by native gel electrophoresis that showed high intensity bands in ICD lane. Also, significant increase in esterase activity was obtained in groups treated with TCD and AMD after 24 hr., of exposure. The current data revealed that the tested neonicotinoid insecticides have different adverse effects on biomarkers of S. littoralis that reflects different manners of insect response towards neonicotinoid with the important role of esterases in the tested insecticides detoxification.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101881_2954b8ca3f05dbf48c45be8e0cabbef4.pdf
2016-01-01
225
234
10.21608/zjar.2016.101881
Spodoptera littoralis
neonicotinoid insecticides
Biochemical markers
AChE
Esterases
Marwa
El-Saleh
marwa_saleh31@yahoo.com
1
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
El-Sheikh
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Aioub
3
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
W.
Desuky
4
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES ACETAMIPRID AND IMIDACLOPRID AGAINST THE COTTON WHITE FLY Bemisia tabaci, THE COTTON LEAF WORM Spodoptera littoralis AND THE HONEY BEE Apis mellifera
Bioassays were conducted to study comparative and selective toxicity of commercial formulations of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid (Mospilan 20% SP) and imidacloprid (Imaxi 35% SC) against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) using leaf dipping technique as well as Apis mellifera L. by orally mixing with food media. Based on the obtained LC50 values, acetamiprid was more toxic to the tested adult and nymphal stages of B. tabaci than imidacloprid. The adult stage was more susceptible than nymph. Acetamiprid showed higher toxicity to eggs, the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of S. littoralis than imidacloprid. Moreover, eggs were more susceptible to the two tested insecticides than the larval instars, and the 4th instar larvae were the least susceptible. Acetamiprid applied orally to honey bee workers at a field rate (50 µg a.i./ml) caused 3.33 % mortality with no symptoms of toxicity 24 hr. post treatment. The field rate of imidacloprid (265 µg a.i./ml) gave 90% mortality and obvious symptoms of poisoning were recorded 10 minutes after exposure. The LC50 value for imidacloprid was 59.83 µg a.i./ml. The results revealed that the cyano-substituted compound (acetamiprid) was more toxic to the tested insect pests than the nitro-substituted compound (imidacloprid) and the later was highly toxic to honey bee. So, the efficiency and selectivity of neonicotinoid insecticides are related to the chemical group of the compound as well as the species and developmental stage of the insect.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101885_f1121c50a278a48da202df97eb7380ce.pdf
2016-01-01
235
244
10.21608/zjar.2016.101885
neonicotinoid insecticides
comparative toxicity
Spodoptera littoralis
Bemicia tabaci
Apis mellifera
Shimaa
Marzouk
shimaa.ghareeb@gmail.com
1
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
El-Tantawy
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M-
Ashour
3
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
El-Sheakh
4
Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PYRIDALYL INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN TOMATO PLANTS
Field experiment was conducted to determine residues of pyridalyl insecticide on tomato leaves and fruits. Tomato plants were sprayed with the insecticide pyridalyl (Pleo 50% EC) at the rate of 100 ml/fad. on January, 2014. QuEChERS (catchers) method was used for extraction and clean-up of the samples. Residues were determined 2 hours, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days post-treatment using UHPLC-UV. The recovery percentages were 89.29 and 96.73 % for leaves and fruits, respectively. The results revealed that the residue concentrations of pyridalyl on leaves and fruits, two hours after single application of the insecticide were 1.007 and 0.815 mg a.i./kg, respectively. The insecticide residues on fruits were 0.707, 0.569 and 0.474 mg a.i./kg after 1, 2 and 3 days and reached 0.2 mg a.i./kg after 14 days. The corresponding residues on leaves were 0.808, 0.646, 0.637 and 0.284 mg a.i./kg after 1, 2, 3 and 14 days. The rates of degradation (k values) were 0.100 and 0.115 on leaves and fruits, respectively. The corresponding half-life times (t 0.5) were 6.950 and 6.050 days on leaves and fruits, respectively. The residues on tomato fruits were below the maximum residual level (MRL) value reported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2013). Thus, tomato fruits could be safely harvested for human consumption and for processing purposes.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101888_de1a2b58aaa177d0b5ef63a569197549.pdf
2016-01-01
245
250
10.21608/zjar.2016.101888
pyridalyl
Pleo
residues
QuEChERS
Tomato
UHPLC
Mahmoud
Ramadan
mmramadan@ez.edu.eg
1
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
El-Tantawy
2
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M-
Ashour
3
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
R.
Sherif
4
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER FOR LETTUCE PRODUCTION IN NFT HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
Using alternative water resources such as agricultural drainage water is considered very important to produce crops (e.g., lettuce plant) due to fresh irrigation water shortage, especially in arid and semiarid regions like Egypt. Moreover, production of lettuce hydroponically in economical scale is becoming popular in drought prone areas with less water consumption. This study aimed to explore the effects of irrigation with different combinations of Agricultural Drainage Water (ADW) and fresh water on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) yield, quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) under hydroponic conditions. Three combinations were applied as: T1, (100% agricultural drainage water), T2, (50% agricultural drainage water + 50% fresh water), T3, (100% fresh water). Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system was developed with three pipes and nutrient solution added in rates of 12.5%, 50%, and 100% from standard nutrient solution for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. It seems that lettuce plant can be produced in 50 days from planting to harvest the entire system. T2 treatment was effective in increasing the green and dry matter yields, where the green yields accounted for 2.330, 10.587, and 7.090 kg/m2for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The highest lettuce yields as affected by water treatments could be ranked as follow T2 >T3>T1. This may be attributed to nutritive value of ADW especially at 50% treatment. Moreover, plants irrigated with T2 have ability to use irrigation water more efficiently than those irrigated with other water treatments. Water Use Efficiency values (WUE) were 8.96, 39.215, and 24.451 kg/m3 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Mineral nutrient contents of N, P, K, and Ca in dry matter were obviously higher in plants irrigated with T3 than other water treatments. This may be due to nutrient solution concentration rates. Heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb) contents in lettuce shoots were higher in plants irrigated with T2 than those irrigated with other water treatments, but their levels did not exceeds the critical levels noted by FAO for edible crops. In conclusion, the NFT hydroponic lettuce could be irrigated safely with agricultural drainage water (ADW) mixed with fresh water in ratio of (50%: 50%) (T2) to produce remarkable economical yield with less water requirement. Moreover, use of agricultural drainage water (ADW) in irrigation of lettuce in hydroponic system could be considered as useful alternative source of wastewater without environmental risk of heavy metals accumulation in soil.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101889_f8973c7301d2c44dac164af343ab4bb0.pdf
2016-01-01
251
259
10.21608/zjar.2016.101889
Agricultural drainage water
Heavy metals
lettuce plant
NFT hydroponic system
water use efficiency
Abdel-Kader
Mohammed
abdelkader_30@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Dept. Soil and Water Res., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Abou Zaabl, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.M.
Zedan
2
Agric. Engin. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
M.A.
Rizk
3
Agric. Dept. Soil and Water Res., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Abou Zaabl, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
الحراک السياسي وأثره على الحياة الاجتماعية الريفية قبل وبعد ثورة 25 يناير "دراسة ميدانية في محافظة الشرقية"
استهدفت الدراسة الراهنة اختبار معنوية الفروق بين فترتي ما قبل ثورة 25 يناير وما بعد ثورة 25 يناير فيما يتعلق بمتغيرات الحراک السياسي والحياة الاجتماعية، اختبار معنوية الفروق بين مناطق الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بمتغيرات الحراک السياسي والحياة الاجتماعية، و اختبار معنوية الفروق بين مناطق الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بمتغيرات التحسن في الحراک السياسي والتحسن في الحياة الاجتماعية، ولتحقيق تلک الأهداف أجرى هذا البحث بمحافظة الشرقية وقسمت قري المحافظة إلي ثلاث فئات فئة قرى مرتفعة في مستوي الخدمات وفئة قرى متوسطة في مستوى الخدمات وفئة قرى منخفضة في مستوي الخدمات، وتم اختيار قرية من کل فئة بطريقة المعاينة العشوائية البسيطة، وکانت مناطق الدراسة کالتالي: قرية شوبک بسطة مرکز الزقازيق من الفئة الأولى، قرية حفنة مرکز بلبيس من الفئة الثانية، وقرية جاويشة مرکز ديرب نجم من الفئة الثالثة، وبلغ عدد مفردات الدراسة 380 مبحوثاً موزعة علي مناطق الدراسة. جمعت البيانات الميدانية بواسطة استمارة الاستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية للمبحوثين سواء کانوا ذکوراً أم إناث وذلک في الفترة من بداية شهر نوفمبر2014م حتى نهاية شهر يناير عام 2015م، استخدمت الأساليب الإحصائية: النسب المئوية، المتوسط الحسابي الإنحراف المعياري، جداول التوزيع التکراري، الدرجات المعيارية، الدرجات التائية، معامل ألفا کرونباخ، اختبار مان وتني واختبار کروسکال واليز، وکانت أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة:وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى 0.01 بين فترتي ما قبل ثورة 25 يناير وما بعد ثورة 25 يناير فيما يتعلق بمتابعة الأخبار والقضايا السياسية، الاتجاه نحو المشارکة في العمل التطوعي، الوعي باللوائح والقوانين السياسية، الإلمام بالموضوعات ذات الطابع السياسي علي المستوى المحلي، الإلمام بالموضوعات ذات الطابع السياسي علي المستوى العالمي، أوضاع العمل، الأوضاع الاقتصادية، الأوضاع السياسية، الأمن والآمان، مکانة المرأة وإجمالي الحياة الاجتماعية. في حين تبين عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين فترتي ما قبل ثورة 25 يناير وما بعد ثورة 25 يناير فيما يتعلق بالأوضاع الصحية، الأوضاع التعليمية، الأوضاع الثقافية، رعاية الطفولة ورعاية ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، کما تبين وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى 0.01 بين مناطق الدراسة المختلفة وبين کل من التحسن في الإلمام بالموضوعات ذات الطابع السياسي علي المستوى المحلي، التحسن في الإلمام بالموضوعات ذات الطابع السياسي علي المستوى العالمي، التحسن في الوعي باللوائح والقوانين السياسية، وعدم وجود فروق معنوية بين مناطق الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالتحسن في متابعة الأخبار والقضايا السياسية، التحسن في الاتجاه نحو المشارکة في العمل التطوعي، والتحسن في الحياة الاجتماعية.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101891_75c5ec82b9c530ba77a7b7c8baf019a0.pdf
2016-01-01
261
280
10.21608/zjar.2016.101891
الحراک السياسي
الحياة الاجتماعية
ثورة 25 يناير
محافظة الشرقية
هبة الله أنور علي
لبن
hebalaban@g.mail.com
1
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي – کلية الزراعة – جامعة الزقازيق – مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد السيد
الإمام
2
قسم الإرشاد الزراعي والمجتمع الريفي – کلية الزراعة – جامعة المنصورة – مصر
AUTHOR
أيمن أحمد محمد
عکرش
3
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي – کلية الزراعة – جامعة الزقازيق – مصر
AUTHOR
هدى أحمد
الديب
4
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي – کلية الزراعة – جامعة الزقازيق – مصر
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
المشکلات التى تحد من فاعلية دور النوع الإجتماعى فى تنمية المشروعات الصغيرة للحد من الفقر فى بعض قرى محافظة الشرقية - مصر
استهدفت الدراسة الراهنة التعرف علي المشکلات التى تعوق فاعلية دور النوع الإجتماعى فى المشروعات للحد من الفقر بالنسبة لرأى المبحوثين الذکور وکذلک بالنسبة للإناث، التعرف على المشکلات التى تحد من قدرة المشروع على تحسين مستوى معيشة المبحوثين بالنسبة لرأى المبحوثين الذکور وکذلک بالنسبة للإناث، التعرف علي مقترحات المبحوثين الرجال والنساء للحد من المشکلات التى تعوق فاعلية دور النوع الإجتماعى للحد من الفقر وکذلک الحد من المشکلات التى تحد من قدرة المشروع على تحسين مستوى معيشة المبحوثين، ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم الإستعانة بالسجلات الرسمية المتوافرة لدى إدارة بناء وتنمية القرية المصرية التابع لمحافظة الشرقية حيث تم تحديد القرى الأکثر إقتراضا للمشروعات الصغيرة، متوسطة الإقتراض للمشروعات الصغيرة، والأقل إقتراضا للمشروعات الصغيرة، وبذلک تم تحديد قرية العصايدة الأکثر إقتراضا المشروعات الصغيرة، طويحر کقرية متوسطة، ثم أخيراً شنبارة کقرية منخفضة من حيث الإقتراض، ولسحب عينة ممثلة إستعانت الدراسة بمعادلة روبرت ماسون لتحديد حجمها، والذى بلغ 290 مفردة تم سحبها من القرى الثلاث بالأسلوب العشوائى المنتظم (المفردة الثالثة من کل أربع مفردات)، تم بعد ذلک تقسيم المبحوثين وفقا للنوع الإجتماعى إلى رجال بلغ عددهم 191 مبحوثاً، ونساء بلغ عددهن 99 مبحوثة، وجمعت البيانات الميدانية بواسطة استمارة الاستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية في الفترة من شهر يونيو 2015م إلى شهر أغسطس 2015م، واستخدمت الأساليب الإحصائية التالية: التکرارات، النسب المئوية، والمتوسط المرجح، وکانت أهم النتائج التي توصلت لها الدراسة: أن أهم المشکلات التى تعوق دور النوع الإجتماعى فى المشروعات الصغيرة للحد من الفقر بالنسبة لرأى الذکور هى مجموعة المشکلات التى تتعلق بمجال النشاط العام فى القرية بمتوسط مرجح 1.920، يليها مجموعة المشکلات التى تتعلق بمجال الأسرة الزواجية بمتوسط مرجح 1,665، أما بالنسبة لرأى الإناث فکانت أهم المشکلات هي مجموعة المشکلات التى تتعلق بمجال الأسرة الريفية بمتوسط مرجح 2.08 ثم مجموعة المشکلات التى تتعلق بمجال النشاط العام بمتوسط مرجح 1.973، وفيما يتعلق بأهم المشکلات التى تحد من قدرة المشروع علي تحسين مستوى معيشة المبحوثين فبالنسبة لرأى الذکور کانت أهم المشکلات هى مشکلات التمويل والإقراض بمتوسط مرجح 2.418 ثم المشکلات المتعلقة بالعمالة بمتوسط مرجح 2.171، أما بالنسبة لرأي الإناث فکانت هى المشکلات المتعلقة بالتمويل والإقراض بمتوسط مرجح 2.632، ثم المشکلات المتعلقة بالجوانب الفنية للإنتاج بالمتوسط مرجح 2.314 .
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101893_e9ff7a82d1b485c00c5772327718b6b2.pdf
2016-01-01
281
297
10.21608/zjar.2016.101893
النوع الإجتماعى
المشروعات الصغيرة
الفقر
المشکلات
مصر
کريم سعد الدين محمد
عبدالعال
kareem.eldeen@gmail.com
1
معهد بحوث الإرشارد الزراعى والتنمية الريفية - مرکز البحوث الزراعية - مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد السيد
الإمام
2
قسم الإرشاد الزراعي والمجتمع الريفي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة المنصورة - مصر
AUTHOR
سونيا محى الدين
نصرت
3
معهد بحوث الإرشارد الزراعى والتنمية الريفية - مرکز البحوث الزراعية - مصر
AUTHOR
أيمن أحمد محمد
عکرش
4
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة الزقازيق - مصر
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
قياس درجة تحقيق الأهداف للجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک ببحيرة إدکــــو بمحافظة البحيرة
يستهدف هذا البحث قياس درجة تحقيق الأهداف للجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک ببحيرة إدکــــو بمحافظة البحيرة، وذلک من خلال التعرف على بعض الخصائص الشخصية والاقتصادية والمهنية لصائدى الاسماک ببحيرة إدکــــو، والتعرف على درجة تحقيق الأهداف الخدمية للجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الاسماک ببحيرة إدکــــو من وجهة نظرهم، وتحديد درجة إستفادتهم منها، والتعرف على المشکلات والمعوقات التى تواجهم، والتعرف على مقترحاتهم لتحسين خدمات الجمعيات التعاونية لهم، والتعرف على مشکلات تطوير أداء الجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک من وجهة نظر الخبراء ومقترحات تطويرها من وجهة نظرهم، وقد أجرى هذا البحث على عينة عشوائية من صائدى الأسماک ببحيرة إدکو بمحافظة البحيرة من أعضاء جمعيات صائدى الأسماک بالبحيرة، وبلغ حجم العينة المدروسة 128 صياداً بنسبة 15.5% من إجمالى عدد أعضاء جمعيات صائدى الأسماک والبالغ عددهم 826 صياداً مسجلين بسجل الرخص بالجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک وکذلک 30 خبيراً ممن لديهم خبرة فى مجال عمل الجمعيات التعاونية للصيادين، وجمعت بيانات الدراسة خلال شهرى يناير وفبراير 2015 باستخدام إستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية ولقد أستخدم العرض الجدولى والتکرارات والنسب المئوية والمتوسط الحسابى والمتوسط المرجح فى عرض بيانات هذه الدراسة، وقد أوضحت النتائج أن درجة تحقيق الأهداف الخدمية للجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک تتمثل فى: توفير مستلزمات الانتاج بأسعار مخفضة، تعريف الصيادين بطرق الصيد الصحيحة، نقل مشکلات الصيادين إلى الجهات المعنية، عقد دورات تدربيبة للصيادين، تعريف الصيادين بأسعار الأسماک وفرص تسويقها، تنمية الاتجاهات الايجابية نحو الصيد، إصدار نشرات إرشادية، وکانت نسب هذه الخدمات 50.78% ، 48.44% ، 39.84% ، 23.59% ، 14.06% ، 10.94% ، 3.13%، على الترتيب من وجهة نظر المبحوثين مما يدل على ضعف الأهداف الخدمية التى تقدمها جمعيات صائدى الأسماک ببحيرة إدکو للصيادين لأن هذه النسب لم تتعدى 50% إلا بقليل، وأن درجة إستفادةالمبحوثين من هذه الأهداف تتمثل فى: نقل مشکلات الصيادين إلى الجهات المعنية، تنمية الإتجاهات الإيجابية نحو الصيد لدى الصيادين، توفير مستلزمات الانتاج بأسعار منخفضة، وهى مرتبة ترتيبا تنازليا بمتوسط مرجح (2.31، 2.28، 2.20) على الترتيب، کذلک أوضحت النتائج أن هناک العديد من المشکلات التى تواجه صائدى الأسماک بالبحيرة، وأهمها: زيادة الصرف الصحى بالبحيرة بنسبة 96.09%، وانتشار البوص وورد النيل والحشائش بکثرة بنسبة 86.71%، وصرف محطة الکهرباء والمصانع بنسبة 80.46%، وإطماء البحيرة وإرتفاع منسوبها بنسبة 73.43%، وأن هناک العديد من المقترحات لدى الخبراء لتطوير أداء الجمعيات التعاونية لصائدى الأسماک ببحيرة إدکو، وأهمها: إعادة تحديد مهام وأهداف کل جمعية تعاونية بنسبة 93.33%، وأن يکون عضو الجمعية من منتمى مهنة الصيد بنسبة 83.33%، وإعتبار الجمعية التعاونية منظمة للمساعدة الذاتية بنسبة 76.66%، وتوفير التمويل الخارجى للجمعيات لضمان إستمرارها بنسبة 70.00%.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101895_0d043f1acb37edfd34e6964b32ace44b.pdf
2016-01-01
299
312
10.21608/zjar.2016.101895
الأهداف
الجمعيات التعاونية
صائدى الأسماک
بحيرة إدکو
حازم محمد أبويحيى محمد
سليم
hazemelkhashab2016@gmail.com
1
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعى – کلية الزراعة – جامعة الزقازيق – مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR
حامد محمد
حامد
2
المعمل المرکزى لبحوث الثروة السمکية – العباسة – مصر
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المؤثرة على تبني طريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة في محافظة الشرقية
تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر العوامل الاقتصادية والإجتماعية المؤثرة على تبني الزراع لنظام الزراعة على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة فى محافظة الشرقية، وکذلک التعرف على المشاکل التى تواجه المزارعين فى تطبيق هذه الطريقة ومقترحاتهم لتبنيها وتطبيقها على نطاق واسع، واعتمدت الدراسة في تحليل البيانات وعرض ما توصلت اليه من نتائج على الأسلوبين الوصفي والکمي مثل العرض الجدولى بالتکرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسطات، وتحليل التباين أحادى الاتجاه، واختبار مربع کاي ومعامل الإرتباط البسيط، والتحليل الإرتباطى والتحليل الإنحدارى المتعدد المتدرج الصاعد (Step-Wise Regression Analysis)، ومعامل إيتا وحجم الأثر أو التباين المفسر، واختيرت محافظة الشرقية لتمثل منطقة الدراسة، ومنها أخُتير مرکز ههيا ومنه تم إختيار قريتين من القرى التي طُبق فيها نظام زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة هما قريتى العلاقمة والمطاوعة لإجراء الدراسة الميدانية. بلغ حجم عينة الدراسة الميدانية (150) مزارع من مزراعى القمح بطريقة الزراعة على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة بواقع (75) مزارعاً من کل قرية، أهم النتائج التى توصل إليها البحث: وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجة تبنى الزراع لطريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة والمتغيرات الاجتماعية والشخصية التالية للمزارعين: الحالة التعليمية، المهنة الأساسية، عدد الأبناء العاملين فى الزراعة، الاتجاه نحو المستحدثات الزراعية، المشارکة غير الرسمية، الدرجة القيادية، الانفتاح الجغرافى، کما تبين وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجة تبني الزراع لطريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة والمتغيرات الاقتصادية التالية للمزارعين: مساحة حيازة الأرض الزراعية، حيازة الآلات الزراعية، حيازة الحيوانات الزراعية، کما اتضح وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجة تبنى الزراع لطريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة والمتغيرات الخاصة بالآلة التالية: تکاليف استخدام الآلة، العائد الاقتصادى لتطبيق الآلة، الجهد والوقت المبذول فى استخدام الألة، توفير مشورة فنية مع الآلة، توفير المعلومات عن الآلة، قابلية الفکرة للتجريب، درجة انسجام الأفکار الحديثة مع التجارب الخبرات السابقة للمبحوثين، واتضح أيضا وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجة تبني الزراع لطريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة والظروف البيئية التالية فى المنطقة: موقع الأرض على الترعة، مصدر مياه الري. وتبين وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين درجة تبني الزراع لطريقة زراعة القمح على مصاطب والعوامل المؤسسية التالية: الخدمات التى تقدمها الجمعية الزراعية والإرشاد الزراعى، الخدمات التى تقدمها محطات الميکنة الزراعية، وکانت أهم المشاکل التى واجهت زراع القمح على مصاطب باستخدام السطارة: عدم قدرة المزارع على شراء الآلات الزراعية، عدم تعاون الزراع فى تجميع مساحات القمح لتسهيل استخدام الميکنة الزراعية، تفتت الحيازة وصغر حجم الرقعة الزراعية، قد ترتفع تکاليف الزراعة فقط بالمقارنة بالطرق العادية نتيجة عملية الحرث والتسوية، عدم توفر الآلات بصورة کافية، نقص العمالة الفنية المدربة على استخدام الآلات، صعوبة حصاد المحصول بآلات الحصاد العادية. أما عن أهم مقترحات الزراع للتوسع في استخدام هذه الطريقة، فکانت زيادة عدد السطارات لتکون متاحة لکل المزارعين، توفير الآلة فى الجمعيات الزراعية، توفير الآلة فى محطات الميکنة، توفير برامج توعية عن آلة الزراعة بالسطارة، تخفيض تکاليف تشغيلها، زيادة دور القادة المحليين.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101896_4262d5d19698da0e22de5b031f9e2013.pdf
2016-01-01
313
331
10.21608/zjar.2016.101896
القمح
الزراعة الآلية
محافظة الشرقية
اقتصاديات
محمد إبراهيم
الخولي
1
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي - کلية الزراعة - جامعة الزقازيق - مصر
AUTHOR
أحمد
حامد
ahm_fawzy79@yahoo.com
2
قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي- کلية الزراعة- جامعة الزقازيق - مصر
LEAD_AUTHOR