ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND SKIPPING IRRIGATION AT CERTAIN GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD POTENTIALITY OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS
Two field experiments were conducted in the Experimental Farm of Gemmeiza Agriculture Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt during two growing seasons (2011 and 2012) to study the effect of three planting densities (20, 24 , and 28 thousand plants/fad.) and two missing irrigations (the 3rd and 5th irrigations or missing the 4th and 6th irrigations) out of six irrigations normally scheduled at 15 days intervals on yield potentiality of four maize hybrids (S.C. 10, S.C. 173, T.W.C. 324 and T.W.C. 352). Concerning the obtained results, the combined analysis revealed that applied 6 irrigations gave the highest means of the different studied characters, skipping the 3rd and 5th irrigations gave lower growth and grain yield attributes followed in descending order by missing the 4th and 6th irrigations. Then, both irrigation treatments caused significant reduction in grain and biological yields/fad., which reached 17.54 and 9.75% in grain yield as well as 10.36 and 11.19% in biological yield compared with normal irrigation, respectively. Maize hybrid S.C. 10 was superior in most growth and yield attributes as it recorded the highest grain and biological yields/fad., followed by S.C. 173 and T.W.C. 324 as well as T.W.C. 352 in descending order. Meantime, S.C. 173 produced the highest ear length and chlorophyll content. While T.W.C. 352 gave the highest mean for each of cob diameter, number of rows/ear and grain protein content. Data of the combined analysis revealed also, that increasing planting density from 20 to 24 and 28 thousand plants/fad., significantly increased leaf area index and grain and biological yields/fad., but, significantly decreased ear length. Planting density had significant effect on each of days to 50% tasseling and silking, LAI, stem diameter, plant height, ear height and diameter, cob diameter, number of rows/ear, number of kernels/row, thousand grain weight and protein content. Where their averages were decreased with the increase of density. The most interacting effect was observed between maize hybrids on one hand and each of water stress and planting density on the other hand. S.C. 10 and S.C. 173 as well as T.W.C. 324 had the highest grain yield averages under both normal and skipping the 4th and the 6th irrigations. However, under skipping the 3rd and the 5th irrigations, S.C. 173 and both S.C. 10 and T.W.C. 324 had higher grain yields than T.W.C. 352. Under both low and medium densities, each of S.C. 10, S.C. 173 and T.W.C. 324 recorded almost equal grain yield (ard./fad.) averages being heavier than T.W.C. 324 and T.W.C. 352. For both S.C. 10 and S.C. 173 any increase in planting density caused a significant increase in grain yield. For T.W.C. 324 both medium and high densities gave equal grain yield being heavier than low density whereas T.W.C. 352 recorded the highest grain yield from high density.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78018_4a9a10502eb8c03ed1f96d2ecd1f4f9b.pdf
2013-07-01
617
646
10.21608/zjar.2013.78018
Irrigation treatments
maize hybrids
planting densities
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENETIC SYSTEM CONTROLLING CADMIUM STRESS TOLERANCE AND SOME RELATED CHARACTERS IN BREAD WHEAT
Six populations of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses namely 1) Giza 168 x Sids 6, 2) ACSAD 925 x Gemmeiza 10 and 3) ACSAD 935 x Line 1 were grown during 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at the Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt. The six populations were evaluated in two adjacent experiments, one with 30 ppm cadmium (Cd), and the other without, to assess some breeding parameters for Cd stress tolerance, flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, and grain yield/plant. Results indicated that, F1 exceeded the better parent for low Cd concentration in all crosses; flag leaf area and grain yield/plant in most studied crosses under both conditions. Positive and significant heterobeltiosis was detected for proline content in 3rd cross under control and leaf chlorophyll content in 1st and 2nd crosses under Cd stress. The lowest amount of Cd has been accumulated by Giza 168 and Sids 6 and their BC1 and Gemmeiza 10 and their BC1, which were bellow or equal the critical concentration, 0.2 mg/ kgsuggested by CAC (2010). Cd sensitivity index revealed that F2 population in 1st cross; Gemmeiza 10 and their BC2 in 2nd cross as well as ACSAD 935 and Line 1 and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 in 3rd cross expressed as tolerant to Cd stress. Genetic system and gene expression differed greatly from the control to Cd stress treatment in most cases. Where, scaling tests (A, B and C) provide evidence for the suitability of a simple additive - dominance genetic model for explaining the genetic system controlling flag leaf area in 1st cross; proline content in 3rd cross; Cd concentration in 2nd and 3rd crosses and leaf chlorophyll content in the three crosses under control, as well as leaf chlorophyll content in 2nd cross; proline content in 3rd cross and Cd concentration in 1st and 2nd crosses under Cd stress. Otherwise, the complex genetic model was responsible for the inheritance of proline content in 1st and 2 nd crosses and grain yield/plant in all crosses under both conditions, and flag leaf area in all crosses; leaf chlorophyll content in 1st and 3rd crosses and Cd concentration in 3rd one under Cd stress. Additive gene effect (d) was significant for leaf chlorophyll content in all crosses; Cd concentration in 2nd and 3rd crosses; flag leaf area in 1st cross and proline content in 3rd one under the control, and Cd concentration in 1st and 2nd crosses under Cd stress condition. Both additive (d), dominance (h) and their interaction types, additive × additive (i) and dominance × dominance (l) were involved in the genetics of flag leaf area and grain yield/plant in 2nd and 3rd crosses under control as well as flag leaf area in 2nd and 3rd crosses under Cd stress condition. Additive (d), dominance (h), additive x additive (i), additive x dominance (j) and dominance x dominance (l) were highly significant for proline content in 1st and 2nd crosses and grain yield/plant in all crosses under Cd stress. Additive (D) and dominance (H) genetic variances were significant for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and Cd concentration in all crosses under both conditions, and proline content under Cd stress one, with the predominant of additive component, resulting in (H/D)1/2 < 1. Dominance genetic variance played a major role in controlling grain yield/plant in all crosses, with (H/D)1/2 ›1 under both conditions. Heritability in narrow sense was high (> 50%) for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content and Cd concentration in most cases and ranged from low to moderate for grain yield/plant under both conditions. Expected response from selection was high for praline content and Cd concentration, while it varied from low to moderate for the remaining characters under both conditions.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78020_270048832fc0b3219617f058226341d9.pdf
2013-07-01
647
660
10.21608/zjar.2013.78020
Wheat
cadmium
tolerance
heterobeltiosis
genetic system
heritability
Response
selection
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND BIOFERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOILS
The present study was conducted in the Experimental Farm, El-Khattara region, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons. The study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels (50, 75, 100 and 125 kg N/fad.) and biofertilization treatments (control, cerialine, potassiomag as well as cerialine + potassiomag) on yield and its attributes as well as juice quality of sugar beet under drip irrigation in sandy soils. Nitrogen fertilizer level had significant effect on all traits in the two seasons and their combined analysis. Increasing N fertilizer levels from 50 to 125 kg N/fad., caused significant increase in root dimensions (length and diameter), fresh top weight/plant, fresh root weight/plant, Na%, K%, sugar loss in molasses percentage (SLM%) and root yield/fad. Top and recoverable sugar yields were responded only to 100 kg N/fad. The highest averages of sugar%, purity% and extractable sugar % were produced from using low nitrogen levels (either 50 or 75 kg N/fad.). Biofertilization treatments had significant effect on root length, fresh top weight/plant, fresh root weight/plant, Na%, K% as well as top and root yields/fad. However, root diameter, sucrose%, alpha amino N%, purity%, SLM% and alkaline coefficient (AC) did not significantly influenced by applying biofertilizers. The highest recoverable sugar yield/fad., could be obtained by using either cerialine alone or in combination with potassiomag. The interaction between studied factors revealed significant effect on fresh root weight/ plant, sucrose%, Na% and extractable sugar%.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78025_e6345fba2c55b8713ff4509f28362eec.pdf
2013-07-01
661
674
10.21608/zjar.2013.78025
Sugar beet
nitrogen levels
biofertilizers
sandy soils
yield and its attributes
juice quality
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE MAIN EFFECTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION RATES, BIOFERTILIZERS RATES AND ANTIOXIDANTS SOURCES ON THE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Echinacea purpurea L. PLANTED IN THE NEWLY RECLAIMED SOILS
Two field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons of 2010 and 2011 at the Experimental Farm of El-Kassasin Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effect of drip irrigation rates (784, 1568 and 2352 m3 water/fad.), biofertilizers rates (control, 500 g nitrobein + 500 g phosphorein, 1000 g nitrobein + 1000 g phosphorein and 1500 g nitrobein + 1500 g phosphorein) and antioxidants (control, citric acid, salicylic acid and glutathione) at rate 100 ppm each, on growth, flowering and chemical constituents of Echinacea purpurea L. plants. The results declared that vegetative growth, flowering and chemical constituents of Echinacea purpurea L. plants were significantly increased gradually with increasing water quantity from 784 up to 1568 m3 water/fad., in both seasons. Moreover, data manifested that raising the application rates of nitrobein and phosphorein to plants, generally, caused a gradual and steady increase in growth, flowering and chemical constituents in both seasons as compared to without inoculation (control). In this respect, inoculation plants at rate of 1500 g nitrobein + 1500 g phosphorein/fad., recorded high values of growth, flowering and chemical constituents than other biofertilizers rates or control treatments. Furthermore, vegetative growth, flowering and chemical constituents were promoted with all spraying antioxidants as compared to control. Spraying plants with glutathione recorded uppermost values of growth, flowering and chemical constituents more than the other antioxidants.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78028_f811ff157f54a3d8d836687dd1e751c4.pdf
2013-07-01
675
684
10.21608/zjar.2013.78028
Echinacea purpurea L
drip irrigation rates
biofertilizers rates
antioxidants
Vegetative growth
flowering
chemical constituents
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ONION BULBS PRODUCTION GROWN BY SETS 1. EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY AND SET-SIZE
This study was conducted during the seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Experimental Farm of Shandweel station to investigate the effect of plant density (100, 80, 60 and 40 plants/m2) and set-size (10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 mm) on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and some bulb characteristics of onion produced from sets under Sohag Governorate conditions. Results revealed that, total single bulbs and marketable yield were significantly increased at the density of 100 plants/m2, while culls yield, doubling and average bulb weight decreased, also bolters reduced with plant density of 40 plants/m2. Total marketable yields, average bulb weight and emergence were significantly increased by using large sets (20-25 mm). In the meantime, single bulbs were increased, while culls yield, doubling and bolters reduced by small sets (10-15 mm). Culls yield, bolters and bulb weight were significantly decreased by the interaction (100 plants/m2 x small sets 10-15 mm).
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78030_b29b8963c5f65cc62cebe4c623b05100.pdf
2013-07-01
685
691
10.21608/zjar.2013.78030
Onion
plant density
set-size
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF GLADIOLUS PLANTS TO WATER REGIME AND GLUTATHIONE UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN NEWLY RECLAIMED SOILS
The present work was carried out to investigate the efficiency of glutathione to overcome the harmful effect of water deficit on growth parameters and reproductive characters as well as some physiological and chemical aspects of gladiolus plants grown under surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Results showed that decreasing the amount of irrigation water from 1882 to 1129 m3 / fad., reduced significantly plant height, total leaf area and number of leaves per plant as well as water content of plant. The same trend could be noticed regarding to flowering and corms production except vase life. Also, the photosynthetic pigments content, total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the leaf tissues were significantly reduced with decreasing the amount of irrigation water. On the contrary, proline content exhibited a remarkable increase with increasing drought stress. Foliar application of glutathione promoted all the aforementioned growth parameters and reproductive characters as well as chemical constituents compared with untreated plants. Also, foliar application of glutathione (400 ppm) at 30 and 60 days after planting could be used to improve drought tolerance and economic yield of gladiolus plants. Furthermore, there was little difference between the values of the above mentioned characters studied in gladiolus plants irrigated by surface and subsurface drip irrigation.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78031_996b058ce8815c8319ad09516af2eb2c.pdf
2013-07-01
693
707
10.21608/zjar.2013.78031
Gladiolus
surface drip irrigation
subsurface drip irrigation
Water stress
glutathione
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PRODUCING SUPER MALE (ZZ) AND USING RAPD-PCR TECHNIQUE FOR SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN BLUE TILAPIA (Oreochromis aureus)
A study was made to identify sex differentiation in parents andfries of Oreochromis aureus using RAPD- PCR and squash techniques. Fishes were collected from the experiment shared in program for producing “supermales ZZ” in Egypt. The trial of sex reversal for feminization of sexually undifferentiated progeny was conducted using 17-β ethynylestradiol as a feminizingstimulating agent. Oral administration of powdered feed containing 400 and 800 mg/kg were tested for 30 days in Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research in Abassa (CLAR).Upon termination of the experiment, average weight and length have increased using high dose. In contrast, the survival rate was increased in low dose (400 mg/kg) than high dose (800 mg/kg). Its effect was highly detectable among fry that were orally fed on 800-mg/kg hormone-treated feeds for 30 days. The mean percentage of phenotypic females was 94%± 2.7 in the second season, females generated progeny including mean percentage of phenotypic males was 69%±4.6 while female, inter sex and non differential percentages were 26% ±3.8, 3%± 1.5 and 2%±0.7 respectively. the sex differentiated have been using applied squash method and RAPD-PCR , Squash method illustrated that from every 10 fishes, 9 individuals were converted into super male (ZZ) . In RAPD -PCR, seven primers were used and they showed different bands patterns between male and female . The total number of DNA fragment band was 35 in maleparents and 33 in femaleparents. While, numbers of DNA fragment bands produced by seven primers were 33 and 35 in adult converted females and fries converted females. Total numbers of DNA fragment bands were 35 and 40 in males and 33 and 35 in female. These molecular markers detected by primers (A14, B13and C05) could be used as markers associated with male or female differentiation.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78032_00cedd910e6af8c261993eaf51451834.pdf
2013-07-01
709
722
10.21608/zjar.2013.78032
Oreochromis aureus
sex reversal
feminization and progeny test
RAPD-PCR
squash method
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تحليل التنوع الوراثي لبعض أصناف القطن Gossypium hirsutum L. باستخدام مؤشرات التضاعف العشوائي للدنا المتعدد الأشکال RAPD Markers
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استخدام مؤشرات التضاعف العشوائي المتعدد الأشکال لسلسة الدنا Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers المعتمدة على تقانة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل PCR في تحليل التباين الوراثي بين خمس أصناف من القطن Gossypium hirsutum L. المزروعة في العراق.عزل الDNA من اوراق النباتات واستخدمت ثمان عشر من البوادئ في تفاعلات تقنية ال RAPD اربع منها لم تعطي أي نتيجة في حين اعطت الاربع عشر الباقية نتائج جيدة ، تم الکشف عن التباينات بين القطع المتضاعفة لکل صنف (أعدادها وأحجامها الجزيئية) بترحيل العينات على هلام الأکاروز. أظهرت نتائج تقنية ال RAPDللأربعة عشر بادئ اختلافا واضحا في عدد حزم الDNA المتضاعفة وتباينا واضحا في أوزانها الجزيئية إذ بلغ العدد الکلي للحزم (258)، کان عدد الحزم المتباينة (213) بينما کان عدد الحزم المتشابهة (45) حزمة. أعطى البادئ (OPN-07) أعلى عدد من الحزم (31 حزمة) بينما اعطى البادى (OPQ-17) اقل عدد من الحزم (10 حزمة). کما اختلفت کفاءة البادئات المستخدمة في کشف التباينات الوراثية بين الاصناف المدروسة فقد اعطى البادئ (OPA-11) أعلى کفاءة (13.17) في حين أعطى البادئ (OPQ-20) اقل کفاءة (2.71)، ومن جانب آخر أظهر البادئ (OPN-07) أعلى قوة تمييزية (14.55) في حين کانت أقل قوة تمييزية (3.75) للبادئ (OPQ-06). أعلى مسافة للبعد الوراثي (0.9677) بين الصنف نازلي 87 والصنف کوکر 310، في حين کانت أقل مسافة للبعد الوراثي (0.1002) بين الصنف أشور والصنف مرسومي 10. استطاعت تقنية ال RAPD إيجاد حزم دنا فريدة مميزة قادرة على التمييز بين أصناف القطن المدروسة، أي أن هذه الحزم وجدت في صنف معين وغابت في الأصناف الأخرى ويمکن استخدامها کبصمة وراثية مميزة لحفظ حقوق مربي النبات. أظهرت هذه الدراسة کفاءة تقنية ال RAPD في التمييز بين أصناف القطن المدروسة وفي تحديد درجة القرب والبعد الوراثي بينها مما اسهم في کشف التنوع الوراثي بين بعض أصناف القطن المزروعة في العراق.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78033_cc5f349f5faac7696086b32d2adbee51.pdf
2013-07-01
723
731
10.21608/zjar.2013.78033
القطن
التنوع الوراثي
مؤشرات التضاعف العشوائي للدانا
تحليل المجموعات
عدنان
العزاوي
yahya.saleh2@gmail.com
1
قسم علوم الحياة - کلية العلوم - جامعة تکريت - العراق
LEAD_AUTHOR
عقيل
العاصي
2
قسم علوم الحياة - کلية العلوم - جامعة تکريت - العراق
AUTHOR
سارا
سليمان
3
قسم علوم الحياة - کلية العلوم - جامعة تکريت - العراق
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOVINE MILK DURING THE FIRST WEEK POSTPARTUM AND ITS INFLUENCE BY SOME HEAT TREATMENTS
Bovine colostrum is the early milk produced by cows during the first several days postpartum. This early milk has a nutrient profile and immunological composition substantially different from mature milk. In the present study the chemical composition and immunoglobulin G (IgG) of bovine milk during the first week of postpartum were determined and the effect of heat treatments on bovine milk IgG contents was evaluated. Individual milk samples were collected from five cows at 0- 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days postpartum. The obtained results showed that the total solids, total protein, fat and ash contents decreased irregular with time after parturition, while the lactose content increased. The concentrations of IgG were significantly higher during 0-0.5 and 1st days than those of other days postpartum, where the mean±SD of IgG concentrations were 122.60±5.24 and 118.44±5.90 g/L during 0-0.5 and 1st days postpartum, respectively. However, IgG concentrations were dropped markedly with time progress of lactation at the end of the first week (7th day), the mean±SD of IgG concentration was 55.16±17.30 g/L that dropped to 55.01% when compared with its concentrations at 0-0.5 day. IgG of bovine milk was influenced by heat treatments, where the concentrations of IgG in thermal treated milk were decrease to 28.24, 30.27 and 30.18% at 63°C/30 min and 57.33, 73.54 and 95.1% at 72°C/15 sec during 1, 2 and 3 days postpartum, respectively. On the other hand, the most thermal influence on IgG in milk was during thermal heated at 100°C/10 min, where the percentages of losses were 95.72% at 1st and 100% at 2 and 3 days postpartum.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78034_faf6d3931d22cd79ea83a5608756f419.pdf
2013-07-01
733
746
10.21608/zjar.2013.78034
Bovine milk
Colostrum
immunoglobulin G (IgG)
heat treatments
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
USE OF SOME LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL STRAINS IN ENHANCING RAS CHEESE RIPENING
This work was done to use some mixtures of lactic acid bacterial strains to enhance the flavour development and accelerate Ras cheese ripening. Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus paracasei wereadded in different mixtures to the cheese milk during production. Data showed that the mixture of the 6 strains gave the best sensory evaluation and very good ripening indices. Therefore, the third treatment showed the highest organoleptic properties scores after two months.
https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_78035_aa689c4513fc8f4df8fdcbf94c77d361.pdf
2013-07-01
747
754
10.21608/zjar.2013.78035
Enhancement
Ras cheese
lactic acid bacteria
nonstarter lactic acid bacteria