@article { author = {Oraby, Mohamed and El-Khawaga, A. and Mansour, E. and Megahed, M.}, title = {ASSESSING DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SIXTEEN BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TREATMENTS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1193-1208}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48565}, abstract = {Water shortage is one of the most serious challenges in crop production particularly under current climatic change. The study aims to compare the performance of 16 barley genotypes under three irrigation treatments to identify the drought tolerant and sensitive genotypes. In addition, to study the genetic variability and heritability of the major agronomic traits under water deficit and normal irrigation conditions. Two field experiments were carried out at Kafr El-Hamam Research Station, Zagazig, Agricultural Research Center during winter sowing seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Three irrigation treatments were used; irrigation once at sowing (T1), twice at sowing and 30 days later (T2) and thrice at sowing, 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively (T3), using surface irrigation. All investigated traits were affected significantly by irrigation treatments. The genotypes G6, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G14 and G15 displayed the highest grain yield and its components at all irrigation treatments. Furthermore, four drought tolerance indices were calculated based on grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions, i.e., mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI). It was found that G10 exhibited the highest values in the four indices followed by G14, G9, G8 and G13. On the other hand, the lowest value was presented by G4 followed by G1, G7 and G3. The cluster analysis classified the genotypes based on the tolerance indices into four groups. The first group (A) presented G10, which had the highest tolerance indices and it was considered as highly drought tolerant genotype. Moreover, group B presented G8, G9, G11 and G14 had relatively high values of tolerance indices. Otherwise, group C which presented ten genotypes had intermediate values of the estimated indices. While, group D displayed G4 which had the lowest value and it was considered drought-sensitive genotype. The highest phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation values were assigned for number of spikes/m2, grain number/spike and 1000-grain weight. The difference between PCV and GCV values was very low for days to heading and days to maturity and was intermediate for biological, grain, straw yields and plant height while it was relatively high for  number of spikes/m2, grain number/spike and 1000-grain weight. The heritability in broad sense was very high for each of days to heading, days to maturity, plant height and 1000-grain weight and was moderately high for the remaining traits under both conditions.}, keywords = {Barley genotypes,Yield and yield components,Irrigation treatments,Drought tolerance indices,cluster analysis,genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48565.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48565_5302a373c3af471cdcb8551c0a54aa56.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-Allah, Hanan and Rabie, H. and Mansour, E. and Swelam, A.}, title = {GENETIC VARIATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT AND NORMAL IRRIGATION CONDITIONS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1209-1229}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48566}, abstract = {Water deficit is one of the major stresses that reducing wheat production particularly under current climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic variation of thirty bread wheat genotypes under water deficit and normal irrigation conditions. In addition, to clarify the association between grain yield and the other important agronomic traits, and to determine the interrelationships among the tested traits under both conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in New Valley, Agricultural Research Station conditions, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons. Thirty bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under two irrigation regimes. The normal irrigation was used every 15 days (NI) with total nine irrigation times per season (2900 m3/fad.). The other irrigation regime was applied every 30 days giving in total five irrigation times (1900 m3/fad.) providing water deficit conditions (WD). The experimental design was laid out in a spilt-plot in which irrigation treatments were in the main plots and genotypes were randomized in the sub-plots, in three replications. All evaluated traits were affected significantly by irrigation treatments. The genotypes; G1, G2, G17, G21, G22, G23, G24 and G27 exhibited good grain yield/plant and its components under both conditions. Tolerance indices; mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI) were calculated based on grain yield/plant under both conditions. The highest indices were observed for G21, G2 and G1 genotypes followed by G23, G27 and G24 genotypes. Based on these indices, the genotypes were classified into three groups A (drought tolerant), B (moderate drought-tolerant) and C (drought-sensitive) with 8, 18 and 4 genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were estimated and it was observed strong and significant positive correlation between grain yield and 100-grain weight, grain weight/spike, biological yield/plant and harvest index under both conditions. Additionally, path analysis was calculated and it was found that biological yield and harvest index exhibited the highest positive direct effect on grain yield under both conditions. On the other hand, the highest indirect effects on grain yield were assigned for number of spikes/plant followed by flag leaf area, grain weight/spike and 100-grain weight under both conditions. Which demonstrates the importance of these traits in improving grain yield under both conditions.}, keywords = {Bread wheat genotypes,Drought stress,genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation,genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients and path analysis}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48566.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48566_b7ce36719bff857305c9d2b1fe814e2d.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousof, Faisal and Mustafa, El-Shimaa and Megahed, M.}, title = {SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALUE OF HYDROPONIC SPROUTED BARLEY FOR GREEN FODDER}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1231-1243}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48568}, abstract = {Hydroponic sprouted barley is recently become an applied approach to provide a green fodder crop, particularly in arid and semiarid region such as Egypt. The crop is produced from germinating seeds under controlled growing conditions for a short period. Laboratory experiments have been performed to determine the effect of some seed soaking treatments and germination temperature on the quantity and quality of green fodder crop. Various stimulants i.e. gibberellin solution and yeast extract were used .Seed germination was made at different temperatures. The results indicated that seed soaked in  gibberellin solution  )12  ppm( and  yeast extract  )3 g/l( and germination temperature at  35°C exceeded other seed treatments as to the most parameters of  the quantity and quality of green fodder crop. The simple correlation coefficients of seed germination (%), germination speed index, seedling length and seedling fresh weight towards green fodder yield were positive and significant (0.939, 0.897, 0.892 and 0.928), respectively. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the relative contribution for seed germination (%), seedling length and seedling fresh weight towards green fodder yield was 83.7%. The results of chemical analyses of green fodder crop such as dry matter (%), ash (%), organic matter (%), crude protein (%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (%), acid detergent fiber (%) (ADF), ether extract (%) (EE) and non-fiber carbohydrate (%) (NCF) were consisted with those of germination temperature and seedling characters. These findings suggested that soaking  barley seed in  gibberellin solution  )12  ppm(  and yeast extract  )3 g/l) as  a good ,simple and cheap treatment to  get high quality and maximize sprouted fodder yield under different temperatures throughout the year.}, keywords = {Barley,Seed soaking,germination temperature,sprouted green fodder}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48568.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48568_ea15590db8ca4af75dc4c14bca4c5718.pdf} } @article { author = {Farag, Karim and Nagy, Neven and ElSheikh, M. and Abada, H.}, title = {REDUCING CRACKING AND ENHANCING COLORATION AND QUALITY OF WONDERFUL POMEGRANATES CULTIVAR BY SAFE TREATMENTS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1245-1256}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48569}, abstract = {Pomegranates fruit cracking and poor coloration of peel and aril are the main problems facing the expansion of its cultivation especially under arid condition in the desert. This study was conducted during the two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 on "Wonderful" pomegranates (Punica granatum L.). The trees were grown under drip irrigation system in a private orchard at Nubaria region, Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The trees were treated twice at weekly interval by using a hand sprayer to the run off point at the marble size withsome mineral nutrients to reduce fruit cracking. The treatments included: water spray (as the control), calcium borate at 100 ppm, calcium borate at 200 ppm, zinc chelated with EDTA at 100 ppm, zinc chelated with EDTA at 200 ppm and finally calcium nitrate at 1% (W/V). Moreover, to enhance coloration of pomegranates peel and aril, at maturity the trees were treated with the control (water spray), ProTone (ABA 1%) at 100 ppm, ProTone at 100 ppm plus glycerol at 1% (V/V), ProTone at 100 ppm plus potassium sulphate at 1% (W/V), ProTone at 100 ppm plus potassium sulphate at 1% and glycerol at 1% (V/V), glycerol at 1% (V/V) and finally potassium sulphate at 1% (W/V). The non-ionic surfactant Top film at 0.05% (V/V) was added to all treatments. The results proved that calcium borate at 200 ppm treatment was more effective on reducing cracking and sun scald of pomegranate fruits. In addition, the results revealed that the formulation containing ProTone plus potassium sulphate and glycerol had a consistent effect on increasing anthocyanin content in the peel, when compared with the control or with ProTone alone. Moreover, anthocyanin content of the arils was significantly increased by application ProTone along with glycerol or ProTone plus potassium sulphate and glycerol in both seasons. Meanwhile, electrolyte leakage of the aril was similar for most applications. There was also a significant increase in total sugars by various ProTone-containing formulations relative to the control in the juice. Thus, this study recommended applying ProTone in a formulation containing potassium sulphate and glycerol in order to enhance coloration and quality of "Wonderful" pomegranates in a consistent manner under field conditions.}, keywords = {Pomegranates,wonderful,Cracking,coloration,Anthocyanin,ProTone,glycerol,potassium sulphate,zinc,Boron}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48569.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48569_62a7df20807ea5db5a92657b5edb4804.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Heba}, title = {THE MAIN SUCKING INSECT PESTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED PREDATORS ON OKRA PLANTS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1257-1271}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48570}, abstract = {The present study was conducted to survey and evaluate the population densities of the major sucking insect pests infesting okra plants and their common associated predators and its relation with the prevailing temperature and relative humidity at Diarb-Nigm district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during the two summer growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa, Aphis gossypii Glover, Empoassca lybica (Bergevin) and Thrips tabaci Linde were the main sucking insect pests on okra plants. The most dominant predaceous insect species were Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus and Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. B. tabaci showed four peaks in the first and the fourth weeks of July and in the fourth week of August and September in the first season. In the second season, it peaked in the first week of August and September. Two peaks of activity for A. gossypii occurred in the fourth week of July and August during the first season and in the second one it peaked in the fourth week of July and third week of August. T. tabaci peaked in the fourth week of August and the second week of September during the first season. In the second season, it peaked in the fifth week of August. E. lybica peaked in the third week of July, the fourth week of August and the second week of September during 2015 growing season, while in the season of 2016 it peaked in the second week of August and the first week of September. O. hyalinipennis peaked once in the third week of October in both seasons of the study. M. corollae recorded one peak in both seasons, in the first season it was observed in the fifth week of August, while in the second one it was in the second week of August. C. carnea recorded its maximum number in the third and the fourth weeks of July during the first and second seasons of the study, respectively. C. undecimpunctata showed three peaks of activity in the fourth week of June, the second week of July and the second week of August in the first season, while in the second one it peaked in the fourth week of July. C. septempunctata recorded two peaks in the second week of July and August during the first season of the study. In the second season, it peaked in the second week of July. Temperature and relative humidity influenced the populations of B. tabaci, O. hyalinipennis, A. gossypii, E. lybica, T. tabaci, M. corollae, C. carnea, C. undecimpunctata and C. septempunctata by 18.76, 3.19, 18.21, 10.79, 6.23, 15.20, 2.45, 11.75 and 1.45% in the first season of the study and by 41.48, 54.31, 41.47, 53.70, 54.31. 24.86, 7.61, 11.22 and 12.95% in the second one, respectively. Also, the predator-prey ratios were estimated.}, keywords = {Sucking insect pests,associated predators,okra plants,Temperature,relative humidity}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48570.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48570_17d97382f7ea09c294116d7ef672cf2d.pdf} } @article { author = {Issa, Mohamed and El-Bakhshawngi, M.}, title = {AN ESTIMATION OF BIRD DAMAGES ON SOME FIELD, VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CROPS AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1273-1281}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48571}, abstract = {The crop losses due to birds are serious and costly problem for farmers. The hooded crow (Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909) are major pests for many crops in Egypt. In current work bird damage was assessed on maize, snake cucumber at El-Ibrahemia district, while that on pea and guava was determined at Zagazig district, Sharkia Goverenorate during the growing season 2016. Regarding maize, the hooded crow feed on developing ears in corn fields following pollination and early in the grain filling period. The total number of inspected plants was 2800 and the highest losses (9.81%) were recorded in the 7th week. While, the hooded crow attacks snake cucumber fruits causing damage with mean percentage 6.33%. But the pea is preferable vegetable crop to birds, which destroy the leaves, flower buds as well green seeds in pods and this damage may be reduced the yield. The average percentage of damage for pea was 4.41%. The highest percentage of damage was 7.50% which obtained during the 5th week. Guava fruits were vulnerable to house sparrow, birds gnaw fruits. The losses by birds were estimated to be 4.79 and 4.64% in orchards nearby poultry farms and those nearby field crops, respectively.}, keywords = {Birds,hooded crow,house sparrow,crop loss,Maize,snake cucumber,pea,guava}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48571.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48571_7d5f63c0350c911ccf1f49986900b9db.pdf} } @article { author = {Khattaby, Mohamed and Yousif, S. and Helaly, Walaa and Sanad, R.}, title = {FACTORS AFFECTING ACCEPTANCE AND MATING SUCCESS OF HONEYBEE VIRGIN QUEENS, Apis mellifera L.}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1283-1289}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48573}, abstract = {The present work was carried out to study the effect of four introduction cycles (February, March, April, May) of F1 Carniolan and F1 Italian virgin queens introduced on 3- and 5-comb mating nuclei of the same and inverse subspecies (genotype) on virgin acceptance and mating success. The experiments were made in a private apiary located at Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Results revealed that virgin acceptance rates for both F1 Carniolan and F1 Italian virgins were relatively higher in February and March introduction cycles, recording between 90.0-100.0% acceptances in the two seasons. The least acceptance rates were exhibited in April introduction cycle for both hybrids, meanwhile the least mating success was recorded for May cycle in the two seasons. The rate of acceptance was relatively similar in both 3- and 5-comb mating nuclei. Meanwhile, mating success of virgins of both subspecies was relatively higher in the stronger mating nuclei (5-comb nuclei). Introducing virgin queens in mating nuclei of the inverse genotype, showed varied acceptance and mating success values between the two virgin genotypes, where F1 Carniolan virgin queens introduced on 5-comb F1 Italian mating nuclei showed means of 77.5 and 80.0% acceptances, meanwhile F1 Italian virgins introduced on 5-comb F1 Carniolan mating nuclei recorded means of 82.5 and 85.0% acceptances when introduced on F1 Carniolan mating nuclei in the two seasons, respectively. In addition, mean mating success rate was relatively higher for F1 Italian queens introduced on 5-comb F1 Carniolan mating nuclei that recorded 96.88 and 94.10% compared to 85.07 and 84.28% for F1 Carniolan queens mated in F1 Italian nuclei in both seasons, respectively.}, keywords = {Apis mellifera L,mating success,virgin queen,F1 Italian hybrid,F1 Carniolan hybrid,queen acceptance,nectar flow,aggressiveness}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48573.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48573_0b4f09482ba8374e681e919f5d40d612.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, Mahmoud and Aly, A. and Tohamy, M. and Ghonim, M.}, title = {STUDIES ON FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH PEA SEEDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GERMINATION AND SOME SEED CHARACTERS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1291-1308}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48574}, abstract = {Seed borne fungi of 45 pea seed samples of Master-B cultivar were examined. These samples were collected from main production area of Egypt. A total number of 28 species, representing 19 genera of fungi was isolated and identified from pea seeds. The agar plate method was more accurate for detection of the most associated seed borne fungi compared with blotter method. Test tube agar method of 50 seeds from each of Master-B, Entsar 1, Entsar 2 and Sugar gum cultivars revealed incidence of 10 species, representing 8 fungi genera. These fungi were isolated from different seedling parts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine seed borne fungi in dry seed surface of two pea cultivars Cambados (curly) and Oregon sugar (smooth).The curly cultivar hosted more fungi than the smooth one. Six categories of discoloration pea seeds were investigated using agar plate method. A total of 27 species, representing 19 genera were isolated and identified from pea seeds with different color categories. The effect of discoloration on seed characters and germination were examined. Discoloration of deteriorated seeds was associated with decreased total protein, total phenols, weight of 1000 dry seeds and seed germination percentages comparing with healthy ones. On the contrary, moisture contents in healthy seeds recorded lower percent compared with all discoloration seed categories and insect infection.}, keywords = {Pea-seed borne fungi,blotter method,test tube agar method,pea seed discoloration,scanning electron microscopy (SEM)}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48574.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48574_641781835f9680a1233ad3324a4f24f8.pdf} } @article { author = {Gouda, Mohamed and El-Baroudy, A. and Ibrahim, M. and Mohamed, E.}, title = {GIS-BASED FOR LAND EVALUATION IN SOME AREAS AT WEST OF NILE DELTA}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1309-1319}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48576}, abstract = {Land suitability evaluation is one of the most effective methods for favorable agricultural land use planning and evaluating the suitability of land for a specific crop. The purpose of the current study is to use GIS and Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) to evaluate the land capability and crop suitability for various soils and biophysical conditions. The current study was carried out to demonstrate the usefulness of GIS technologies coupled with soil data to evaluate crop suitability for obtaining sustainable cropping systems in the studied area. As input, the model requires soil data for an assessment of the study area, 16 representative soil profiles were used to collect soil samples from different layers depth. The capability evaluation gives four capability orders for agricultural and reclamation land capability, (Class I, good; Class II, moderate, Class III, weak and Class IV, marginal). Moreover, the evaluation model gives four limiting factors suborders, which are topography (t), soils (l), erosion risks (r), and bioclimatic deficiency (b). The suitability of selected field crops indicated that, wheat varied from highly suitable to permanent not suitable in different study areas. Suitability of maize is similar to wheat crop. Selected vegetable crops, tomato and onion are ranged from highly to permanent not suitable. Land suitability of selected fruits, Apple is suitable for marginally suitability for cultivation in different development areas. On the other hand, fig and olive is highly suitable for the most of the area.}, keywords = {GIS,Land evaluation,ALES program}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48576.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48576_fc59950a5e74d16373f04be720f8c729.pdf} } @article { author = {Sabry, Habiba and Abd El-Wahab, M. and I., Yehia and El-Shal, A.}, title = {MECHANICAL PLANTING OF COATED MARJORAM SEEDS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1321-1332}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48577}, abstract = {The aim of this research is to determine the optimum factors affecting mechanical planting of coated marjoram seeds. The studied factor is four forward speed levels. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: The maximum marjoram seeding rate of 3.50 kg/fad., was obtained at metering-device speed of 20 rpm. while, the minimum seeding rate of 2.30 kg/fad., was obtained at metering-device speed of 60 rpm. The maximum plant-emergency of 93.6% was obtained at forward speed of 1.82 km/hr. While, the minimum plant-emergence of 82.3% was obtained at forward speed of 4.79 km/hr. By increasing forward speed from 1.82 to 4.79 km/hr., the total crop-yield decreased from 3200 to 2400 kg/fad. Also the minimum production-cost of 26 LE/ton was obtained using forward speed of 4.79 km/hr.}, keywords = {Mechanical planting,marjoram seeds}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48577.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48577_63fc2f9168fc252d30080118a98ae9b8.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Dreny, El-Shahat and El-Hadidy, G.}, title = {UTILIZATION OF YOUNG GREEN BARLEY AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF SOME NUTRITION SUBSTANCES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1333-1344}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48580}, abstract = {Young green barley powderis one the best functional food of providing nutrition and eliminating toxin from cells in human beings, however its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. Young green barley powderandwheat flour (72% extraction)were analyzed for their proximate chemical composition, mineral elements and amino acids contents to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that young green barley powder and wheat flour(72% extraction) contains appreciable amount   of essential nutrients whereas the  ether extract content, crude protein, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrates  were  3.23%,  21.15%,  9.37%, 17.53% and 48.72% as well as 1.40, 11.69, 0.60, 0.65 and 85.66% (on dry weight basis), respectively. Also young green barley powder had high contains of macro mineral elements i.e. Ca, K, P, Mg and Na , high concentration of micro minerals' i.e. Fe and Zn, besides amino acids such as arginine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, threonine and aspartic acid. Five levels of young green barley powder (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) were used to replace wheat flour (72%) in order to produce shamy bread. The obtained results showed that, as the level of substitution increase, all components increased except total carbohydrates. In addition, four levels of young green barley juice (10, 20, 30 and 40%) were used to replacecantaloupe juice. It can be concluded that consumption of young green barley in shamy bread or cantaloupe juice in different combinations could provide a reasonable daily recommended amount of essential nutrients for maintenance of healthy life and normal body functioning.}, keywords = {Young green barley,shamy bread,cantaloupe juice}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48580.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48580_8fb4a6d98189ffadc4a5fc8a70859201.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Mohamed and Elnemir, S. and Abd El-Mounem, S. and Abo El-Maati, S.}, title = {AZOLLA FERN AS UNTRADITIONAL RESOURCE OF PROTEIN}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1345-1355}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48582}, abstract = {Azolla is a floating aquatic macrophyte belonging to the family of Azollaceae. The fern of azolla hosts a symbiotic ceyanobacteria (anabaena azollae), which is responsible for the fixation and assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen. Azolla has been reported to be a very good source of protein, essential mineral elements and vitamins. Out of several species, azolla (Azolla nolotica) has been reported to be best suited for tropical climate and livestock feeding. The measurements of colour, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, total ash and phenol compounds were recorded. In azolla, colour values of lightness (L) and yellow blue colours (b) were 39.15 and 7.38, respectively. On the other hand, the values of red to green colours (a) were 1.8. The mean concentration (% of DM) of organic matter, crude protein, crude fibers, ether extract, total ash, nitrogen free extract (NFE) were 47.22, 31.67, 11.04, 5.90, 15 and 36.39, respectively. Concentrated protein of azolla (ACP) could be used as feed supplement for human because its high levels of carbohydrate, protein, crude fat, total digestible nutrients and lower crude fiber contents. After concentration, the values of colours (lightness) decreased to 33.23. Also, the values of red to green colours (a) and yellow and blue colours (b) were decreased to 1.47 and 3.00, respectively after concentration. Chemical analysis indicated that (ACP) contained (DM %) crude protein of 40.83, crude fiber (4.63), ether extract (5.06), ash (17) and carbohydrate (30.5). Added to that, the gross energy value of 434.67 kcal/100 g was obtained. The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were 55.48 and 1.51%, respectively.}, keywords = {Azolla,concentrated protein,nutritional,chemical evaluation}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48582.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48582_b92bf8c88d7c5c22aacacb50099564f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Gomaa, Ramzy and Salem, Abeer}, title = {EFFECT OF SOME PACKAGING MATERIALS AS WHEAT GRAIN DISINFESTATIONS TOOL AGAINST Tribalism castanium (Herbst.) AND Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab)}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1357-1371}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48584}, abstract = {Most packaged food products are subject to attack and penetration by insects. In addition reducing food quality, insects annihilate quantity, too. Since, different ways are designed for controlling stored-product pests without application of chemical methods. So, the present study included laboratory methods to evaluate the effectiveness of three packaging materials, namely high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide/polyethylene (PA/PE) and polyester/aluminum/polyethylene (PET/AL/PE) to prevent or minimize the insect infestation and grain wastage resulting in the attack of wheat grain and their products by two notorious insect species, the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica as primary infestation insect and red flour beetle, Tribolium castanium as secondary one. Two laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the protecting capacity of the three package materials through assessing some parameters, number of adults emerged (progeny), infestation (%), weight loss (%) germination (%) and moisture content. The first experiment contained cleaned and correct wheat grain in each bag with numbers of insects released external around the bags in glass container supplied with a lid to determine the penetration levels of both insects separately. The second experiment comprised infested wheat grain by the two tested insects packaging in each of the three materials separately with three replicates and stored for ten months. The same replicates without insect infestation were carried out to serve as control. In the first experiment, the results revealed that high density polyethylene was the susceptible packaging material because it had maximum number of holes and penetrations by insects into them. In the second experiment, results showed that all tested parameters significantly influenced by the type of packing materials and storage periods. Increasing storage periods of wheat seed up to 10 months significantly affected grain quality. Effect of time period showed significantly more number of adults emerged, increased insect infestation and weight loss percentages in wheat grains after 10 months than after 8, 6, 4 and 2 months. Oppositely, germination (%) and moisture content were decreased gradually through the periods of experiments. Packaged wheat grains in polyester/Aluminum/ polyethylene (PET/AL/PE) significantly recorded the most excellent results for all tested parameters, followed by polyamide/polyethylene (PA/PE) and lastly in high density polyethylene (HDPE).In addition that, Rhyzopertha dominica had penetration ability greater than Tribolium castaneum. Except Rhyzopertha dominica with (HDPE) material, the two insect species cannot penetrate any of the tested packing materials with no perforations. Eventually, the triple layer bag (PET/AL/PE) can be used in storing wheat grain against the attack of both Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castanium.}, keywords = {Wheat grain,Rhyzopertha dominica,Tribolium castaneum packaging materials,punctures,Penetration,Quality}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48584.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48584_5d45a6588473635c83f10f5b8e463cbe.pdf} } @article { author = {Elgaml, Nabeel and Ismail, H. and Bakr, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF ADDING GRAPE SEED POWDER AND IT’S EXTRACT ON THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PROCESSED CHEESE ANALOGUES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1373-1384}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48586}, abstract = {A new functional processed cheese fortified with grape seed powder (GSP) and its extract (GSE) was developed. The chemical composition, physical, microbiological properties, texture profile and sensory evaluation of prepared processed cheese were followed throughout storage period at 5oC up to 3 months. The moisture, ash, fat/dry matter (F/DM) and protein dry matter (P/DM) of supplemented processed cheeses were higher compared to control. While salt/moisture (S/M) content was lower. Addition of GSP and GSE increased the pH, SN and antioxidant activity, but decreased the TVFA values and total bacteria count (TBC) compared with control, throughout storage. Significant differences were found between treatments and control processed cheese in texture profiles. Cheese fortified with up to 0.3% GSP and GSE exhibited better appearance, texture &body and flavour. Further increase in the added ratio, significantly decreased the sensory scores compared with control.}, keywords = {Grape seeds powder,Grape seeds extract,processed cheese analogues,cheese composition,physical characters,Antioxidant activity,Texture profile,Sensory evaluation}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48586.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48586_b31504a5ec3ee4ed4ba8bf1f0d3bbc46.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Amaal and Osman, A. and El Masry, R. and El Saadany, S.}, title = {CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TWO EDIBLE MUSHROOMS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1385-1394}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48588}, abstract = {The proximate composition and minerals contents of two edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus) flours used in Egypt were investigated. Also, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water were used to fractionate soluble compounds from the mushrooms in ascending polarity by sequentially extracting. As well as, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and the antioxidants activity for these extracts were investigated. The percentage moisture content ranged between 90.47% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 90.55% in Agaricus bisporus. The crude protein ranged from 3.25% in Pleurotus ostreatus to 3.48% in Agaricus bisporus. Total carbohydrates ranged from 5.23% in Agaricus bisporusto 5.35%±0.03 in Pleurotus ostreatus. The most abundant mineral element is potassium (ranging from 2376.8 to 2820.5 mg/100 g on dry weight base (DW) for Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively) followed by Phosphorus (ranging from 537 to 754 mg/100 g on DW for Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus, respectively). The antioxidant activity of different extracts for two mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) increased gradually as concentration increases. These results compatible with those results recorded for total phenolic compounds of investigated mushroom. In conclusion, mushrooms, in spite of the great variability observed among species, represent an interesting food item that can contribute to the formulation of a well-balanced diet.}, keywords = {Agaricus bisporus,Pleurotus ostreatus,Proximate analysis,minerals,total phenolic compounds,Antioxidant activity}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48588.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48588_8b17175e8ed372a18d29507d81691a6d.pdf} } @article { author = {Mhgub, Ibrahim and Hefnawy, H. and Gomaa, A. and Badr, H.}, title = {CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF PECTIN AND EXTRACTS FROM LEMON AND ORANGE PEELS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1395-1404}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48589}, abstract = {The study was conducted on lemon and orange peels to study the chemical composition of these residues by determinism each of carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and fiber contents. The pectin was also separated and purified and studied using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and IR (Infrared Radiation) techniques. Finally studied the activity of  antioxidant activity of pectin and methanol, ethanol  and  acetone extracts; Lemon peel contents of crude protein, ash, fiber, fat and carbohydrate were (7.89%, 5.30%, 15.40%, 2.50% and 68.91%, respectively) monoclonal and bivalent sugars and their derivatives found in pectin were arabinose, galactose and glucose. Through HPLC analysis, and by IR analysis in the region from (1619: 2049) and from (3046: 3235), there were a groups of (COOH and CH3) and pectin sugar was presented in the hexagonal ring structure. The area (616) nm and the antioxidant activity showed that the extract of methanol for lemon peel was the highest antioxidant as well as pectin orange peel   contents of crude protein, ash, fiber, fat and carbohydrate were (5.26%, 4.30%, 9.90%, 2.75%, and 77.79% respectively) monoclonal and bivalent sugars and their derivatives were found in pectin of orange were arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose. Through HPLC analysis and by IR analysis in the regions (2050: 2359) and (3036: 3234) containing the presence of COOH and CH3 Pectin sugar is presented by investigation at (615nm) in the hexagonal ring structure.  }, keywords = {Antioxidant activity,lemon peels and orange peels pectin,monosaccharide HPLC and IR}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48589.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48589_fec1104f7c4473441ae594b2e7e38cd4.pdf} } @article { author = {عبد الرحمن, بسنت and حسانين, طاهر and مشهور, أحمد and السيد, سعيد}, title = {القيمـــة المضــــافــة وربحيـــة طـــن خبـــز عبـــر الحلقـــات الإنتاجيـــة بمحــافظـــة الشــــرقيـــــة}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1405-1414}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48592}, abstract = {يستهدف البحث بصفة أساسية دراسة القيمة المضافة وربحية طن من الخبز وذلک من خلال تحليل هيکل المدخلات والمخرجات والربحية لطن القمح عبر الحلقات الإنتاجية المختلفة خلال عام 2015 وأعتمدت الدراسة علي بيانات ثانوية منشورة من وزارة الزراعة واستصلاح الأراضي، وبيانات غير منشورة من شرکة مطاحن شرق الدلتا وأعتمدت الدراسة في تحليل البيانات وعرض ما تتوصل إليه من نتائج على کلٍ من الأسلوبين الوصفي والکمي متمثلاً في حسابات صافي الربح، التکاليف التجارية، التکاليف غير التجارية والقيمة المضافة للطن، وبينت النتائج أن إجمالي الربح الناتج من إنتاج طن خبز مدعم عبر حلقات القيمة بلغت نحو 3130.12 جنيه تحصل منها حلقة المخبز على 1189.83 جنيه بنسبة 38.01%، وحلقة الطحن تحصل علي 212.51 جنيه بنسبة 6.79%، وحلقة التخزين تحصل علي -21.9 جنيه بنسبة -0.7%، وحلقة التسويق تحصل علي 35.84 جنيه بنسبة 1.14%، وحلقة الإنتاج المزرعي تحصل علي 1713.84 جنيه بنسبة 54.75%، کما تبين أن إجمالي القيمة المضافة من إنتاج طن خبز مدعم عبر الحلقات السابقة بلغت نحو 4077.03 جنيه، تساهم حلقة المخبز في القيمة المضافة بنحو 1275.39 جنيه بنسبة 31.28%، وتساهم حلقة الطحن بنحو 248.82 جنيه بنسبة 6.1%، وتساهم حلقة التخزين بنحو 22.53 جنيه بنسبة 0.55%، کما تساهم حلقة التسويق بنحو 74.43 جنيه بنسبة 1.83%، وتساهم حلقة الإنتاج المزرعي بنحو 2455.87 جنيه وبنسبة 60.24%، کما يتضح سوء توزيع الربح من إنتاج طن خبز مدعم علي الحلقات الإنتاجية حيث يبلغ الربح أقصاه في حلقة الإنتاج المزرعي بنسبة 54.75%، ويبلغ أدناه -0.7% وذلک في حلقة التخزين، کما تبين سوء توزيع القيمة المضافة الناتجة من إنتاج طن من الخبز المدعم فتبلغ أقصاها في حلقة الإنتاج المزرعي بنسبة 60.24% وأدناها 0.55% وذلک في حلقة التخزين، وبالتالي يترتب على ذلک الإختلاف في توزيع الربح والقيمة المضافة الناتجة من إنتاج طن من الخبز المدعم عبر الحلقات الإنتاجية إلى عدم وجود عدالة في توزيع الإنتاج في منظومة إنتاج الخبز.}, keywords = {القيمة المضافة,إحصاءات,محافظة الشرقية}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48592.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48592_395412f48a1f3d62e82cfdeb30cf1fbd.pdf} } @article { author = {نايل, رشا and عامر, محمد and ابراهيم, علي and سليمان, محمد}, title = {دراسة اقتصادية للمفرخات السمکية البحرية في مصر: دراسة حالة مفــــــرخ حراز بالإســـــماعيلية}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1415-1425}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48593}, abstract = {تعد زريعة الأسماک من أهم مقومات نجاح الاستزراع السمکي، ومع نجاح تفريخ زريعة أسماک المياه العذبة، تظل مشکلة تفريخ أسماک المياه المالحة تمثل عقبة کبيرة في تحقيق أهداف تنمية الثروة السمکية من خلال التوسع في الاستزراع البحري، کما تظل مشکلة توفير زريعة الأسماک البحرية معوقا، ففي الفترات السابقة کان الاعتماد في تجميع زريعة الأسماک البحرية من المصايد الطبيعية وما يتضمنه من مخاطر في تلبية احتياجات نظم الاستزراع السمکي من حيث النوعية والحجم المناسب والتوقيت الملائم للاستزراع، هدف هذه الدراسة تناول اقتصاديات أحد المفرخات للأسماک البحرية، واعتمدت الدراسة على بيانات ميدانية من خلال عدد من الزيارات لمفرخ حراز بالإسماعيلية للموسم الإنتاجي 2016/2017 کدراسة حالة، وکانت أهم النتائج کالاتي: بلوغ اجمالي التکاليف للألف وحدة زريعة 1026.04، حيث ينتج المفرخ حوالي ثلاثة ملايين وحدة زريعة من اسماک القاروص في الموسم، تمثل التکاليف المتغيرة حوالي 24.80% من التکاليف الکلية، تکاليف التغذية تمثل حوالي43.94% من التکاليف المتغيرة، أي حوالي 10.90% من التکاليف الکلية، تکاليف الارتيميا تمثل حوالي 9.36% من التکاليف الکلية، أما التکاليف الثابتة تمثل 75.20% من التکاليف الکلية، تمثل التکاليف المباشرة حوالي 49.56%، بينما التکاليف غير المباشرة تمثل 50.44% من التکاليف الکلية للألف وحدة زريعة، المفرخ يحقق صافي ربح موجب، وبلغ هامش المنتج 31.60% من سعر بيع زريعة الأسماک، وهو مؤشر لإمکانية التوسع في النشاط، حيث يتلاشى هذا الربح في المدى الطويل، وبالنسبة للعائد على الاستثمار فقد بلغ معدل العائد الداخلي 31.64%، أي أن الاستثمار مجدي في هذا النشاط، ويمکن استرداد رأس المال المستثمر بعد 3.16 سنة، وتبين استمرار جدوى الاستثمار في المفرخ مع زيادة أسعار أهم المتغيرات وهي الارتيميا، وأجور العمال، وکذلک انخفاض أسعار بيع الألف وحدة زريعة، ويواجه المفرخ عديد من المشکلات وأهمها تلوث مياه قناة السويس مما يتسبب في زيادة نسبة الفقد للزريعة في مرحلة اليرقات، وقلة توافر العمالة المدربة بمجال التفريخ البحري، أضف إلى ذلک ارتفاع أسعار الأعلاف بصفة عامة والارتيميا المخصصة لتغذية اليرقات بصفة خاصة، کما توجد مشکلات تسويقية أهمها المنافسة السعرية للزريعة التي يتم تجميعها من المصادر الطبيعية، وأسعارها من المفرخات الصناعية.}, keywords = {اقتصاديات,مفرخ سمکي بحري,حراز,الإسماعيلية,مصر}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48593.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48593_cdb777055d3c465b37cb7f9ee204d874.pdf} } @article { author = {محمود, دعاء}, title = {دراسة اقتصادية للأهمية الإنتاجية والتصديرية للتمور المصرية}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1427-1441}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48594}, abstract = {يصنف النخيل علميًا کأحد أنواع أشجار الفاکهة المعمرة، التي تتميز بأهمية اقتصادية وإنتاجية عالية في الوطن العربي بوجه عام، وفي مصر بوجه خاص، حيث أنها تأتي في المرتبة الأولى عالميًا في إنتاج التمور، ويستهدف البحث دراسة بعض مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية للتمور المصرية، بالإضافة إلى التنبؤ بأهم المؤشرات الإنتاجية والاقتصادية للتمور المصرية، حتى عام 2020، ومن النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها: ارتفاع معدل نمو الواردات من التمور عن معدل نمو الإنتاج المحلي منها بفارق بلغ نحو 18.9%، بينما ارتفع عن معدل نمو صادراتها بفارق حوالي 5%، خلال فترة الدراسة (2000-2015)، وهو مؤشر غير مطمئن، وسوف يستمر هذا الأمر لفترة طويلة نظراً للفرق الکبير بين معدلات النمو المختلفة، ويتفق ذلک مع نتائج التنبؤ، حيث سيزداد الإستهلاک بحوالي 127.8%، وتزداد الواردات بحوالي 95.3% وهذه الزيادة تفوق الزيادة في الإنتاج الذي سيزداد بحوالي 32.2% بينما سوف تزداد الصادرات بحوالي 29.8%، زيادة الأهمية النسبية لإنتاج مصر من التمور من 17.32% إلى 20.3% خلال عامي 2013، 2015 على الترتيب من الناتج العالمي، ولازالت مصر في مقدمة الدول المنتجة للتمور عالميًا، وبلغ مؤشر النصيب السوقي للصادرات المصرية من التمور حوالي 14.4%، مما يعکس وجود منافسة للتمور المصرية في الأسواق الخارجية، کما بلغ نصيب الفرد من التجارة الخارجية للتمور المصرية حوالي 0.44 دولار/ للفرد، وبلغ معدل تغطية الصادرات للواردات من التمور المصرية بحوالي 606%، وهو معدل عالي يعکس فائض في الميزان التجاري المصري للتمور، وقد ارتفع معدل اختراق الأسواق نسبياً في بعض الدول، بينما انخفضت درجة الانفتاح السوقي، يعتبر ذلک دليلاً على ضعف القدرة التنافسية للتمور المصرية لمواجهة المنافسة على الصادرات، ويتضح من نتائج مصفوفة التجارة الخارجية للتمور المصرية ضعف قدرة تلک التمور على منافسة التمور الأخرى التي تصدرها الدول المنافسة؛ حيث أن المنافسة في السوق العالمي أصبحت ترکز على مواصفات الجودة العالمية وليس مجرد الأسعار.}, keywords = {النصيب السوقي,معدل التغطية,معدل اختراق الأسواق,صادرات التمور,التنبؤ}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48594.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48594_541fe491045351a93acd2c211d120c16.pdf} } @article { author = {رجب, أحمد and نويصر, إبراهيم and البسيونى, سحر and هاشم, شيماء}, title = {معارف وممارسات العاملين بالاستزراع السمکى للتوصيات المتعلقة بالتنمية المستدامة للاستزراع السمکي بمحافظة الشرقية}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1443-1461}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48595}, abstract = {إستهدف هذا البحث التعرف على مستوى معرفة المبحوثين بممارسات التنمية المستدامة للإستزراع السمکى، والتعرف على مستوى تنفيذ المبحوثين لممارسات التنمية المستدامة للإستزراع السمکى وذلک فى المجال البيئى، المجال الاقتصادى، المجال الإجتماعى والمجال المؤسسى، وتحديد العلاقة بين درجة معرفة المبحوثين بممارسات التنمية المستدامة للإستزراع السمکى وبين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، وتحديد العلاقة بين درجة تنفيذ المبحوثين لممارسات التنمية المستدامة للإستزراع السمکى وبين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، والتعرف على المشکلات التى تواجه المبحوثين فى مجال التنمية المستدامة للإستزراع السمکى ومقترحات الحل من وجهة نظرهم، أجري هذا البحث فى محافظة الشرقية حيث انها من المحافظات التى ينتشر بها مزارع سمکية وتمت الدراسة على جميع المناطق التى يتواجد بها مزارع سمکية أهلية، وهذه المناطق هى: مراکز ابوحماد، وبلبيس، وديرب نجم، وقصاصين الشرق، وصان الحجر، والمراقبة العامة لصان الحجر، والمراقبة العامة لسهل الحسنية وجنوب بورسعيد، ومنشاة ابو عمر، وبحصر إجمالى عدد المزارع السمکية الأهلية بمحافظة الشرقية وجد انها 1678 مزرعة اهلية وتم اخذ العينة بنسبة 10% اى بحجم عينة عددية من 168 مزرعة، وتم توزيع العينة على المراکز حسب الوزن النسبى لکل مرکز، وتم جمع البيانات خلال عام 2016 واستخدم فى عرض وتحليل البيانات عديد من الأدوات الإحصائية حيث تم استخدام العرض الجدولي بالتکرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط الحسابي، کذلک استخدم معامل الارتباط البسيط ( بيرسون) لاختبار الفروض الإحصائية وتحديد معنوية أو عدم معنوية العلاقة بين المتغير التابع والمتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، وکانت أهم النتائج هى أن 28.57% من المبحوثين معرفتهم بالممارسات المستدامة فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى منخفضة، بينما 51.79% کانت معرفتهم متوسطة، فى حين أن 19.64% کانت معرفتهم مرتفعة، وامکن ترتيب بنود التوصيات المتعلقة بالممارسات المستدامة فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى تنازليا حسب المتوسط الحسابى کما يلى المعرفة بالتوصيات الفنية للممارسات المستدامة فى المجال الإقتصادى، ثم الممارسات المستدامة فى المجال البيئى، ثم الممارسات المستدامة فى المجال المؤسسى، ثم الممارسات المستدامة فى المجال الإجتماعى بها، کما تبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية بين درجة معرفة المبحوثين بالممارسات المستدامة فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى وبين المتغيرات المستقلة التالية (الحالة التعليمية، عدد سنوات العمل فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى، مساحة المزرعة، الخدمات المتوفرة بالمزرعة، درجة التعرض لمصادر المعلومات، درجة الإستفادة من مصادر المعلومات، وأظهرت النتائج أن 34.52% من المبحوثين تنفيذهم للممارسات المستدامة فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى منخفض، بينما 39.29% تنفيذهم متوسط، فى حين أن 26.19% تنفيذهم مرتفع، وتبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية بين درجة تنفيذ المبحوثين للممارسات المستدامة فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى وبين المتغيرات المستقلة التالية (الحالة التعليمية, عدد سنوات العمل فى مجال الإستزراع السمکى، مساحة المزرعة، عدد الأحواض فى المزرعة، الخدمات المتوفرة بالمزرعة، الإستفادة من مصادر المعلومات.}, keywords = {معارف,ممارسات,الاستزراع السمکى,التنمية المستدامة}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48595.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48595_384f55e797ef3bbbd18ba7666b0abc46.pdf} } @article { author = {محمد, أحمد and طه, أسماء and الخواجة, عبد الستار}, title = {الأمـــن المـــائــي المصـــري فــي ظـــل مفهــــوم تجـــارة الميــاه الإفتــراضيـــة للســـلع الغــذائيـــة}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1463-1487}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48598}, abstract = {تعتبر مشکلة الموارد المائية من أهم المشاکل التي تواجه مصر في الوقت الحاضر، بسبب محدوديه مواردها المائية وارتفاع معدل النمو سکاني (2.56% سنوياً)، وما تبعه من انخفاض متوسط نصيب الفرد منها إلى ما تحت حدود الفقر المائي، وقد استهدف هذا البحث تقدير الميزان المائي الافتراضي لمصر من خلال حساب کميات المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية (الحبوب، البقوليات، السکريات، الزيوت، النباتات الطبية والعطرية، الخضر، الفاکهة، النقليات، المنتجات الحيوانية والداجنية)، وتقدير البصمة المائية الکلية ومؤشراتها، وتقدير البصمة المائية للفرد من الاستهلاک السنوي للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية في مصر کمتوسط سنوي خلال الفترة (2012-2015)، ومن أهم نتائج البحث أن أعلى محتوى للمياه الافتراضية هي لمجموعة النباتات الطبية والعطرية في مصر والعالم حيث تبلغ 11613، 12838.15 م3/طن على الترتيب، بالمقارنة بمجموعة المحاصيل السکرية في مصر والعالم فهي من أقل المحاصيل من حيث محتوى المياه الافتراضية حيث تبلغ 207.5، 171 م3/طن على الترتيب، وقدر إجمالي واردات مصر من المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية بحوالى 31363.57 مليون م3 سنوياً تشکل واردات المياه الافتراضية من الحبوب والمنتجات الحيوانية والداجنة معاً حوالى 85.08% من إجمالي واردات مصر من المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية، أما إجمالي صادرات مصر من المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية قدرت بحوالى 2584.17 مليون م3 سنوياً تشکل صادرات المياه الافتراضية من الخضر والفاکهة معاً حوالى 58.97% من إجمالي صادرات مصر من المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية، أى أن صافي تجارة المياه الافتراضية (الفرق بين إجمالي واردات وصادرات مصر من المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية) تکون فرقاً موجباً، مما يحقق لمصر وفورات مائية کبيرة من التجارة في المياه الافتراضية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية مقدارها نحو 28.8 مليار م3 من المياه العذبة سنوياً، وبلغت البصمة المائية الکلية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية حوالى 117.27 مليار م3 سنوياً، تمثل البصمة المائية الداخلية، الخارجية نحو 73.25، 26.75% من البصمة المائية الکلية للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية على الترتيب، أما البصمة المائية لاستهلاک الفرد المصري من المجموعات السلعية الغذائية بلغ 1351 م3 سنوياً، تشکل البصمة المائية لکل من الحبوب والمنتجات الحيوانية معاً حوالي 75.3% من البصمة المائية الکلية للفرد للاستهلاک السنوي للمجموعات السلعية الغذائية، ونحو 73.3% من هذه البصمة کانت لمصادر محلية، 26.7% کانت لمصادر خارجية (سلع زراعية مستوردة).}, keywords = {الأمن المائي,المياه الافتراضية,البصمة المائية,الميزان المائي الافتراضي}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48598.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48598_51dbf12fc51a2b8f58e2c1dec0c8a20f.pdf} } @article { author = {أحمد, محمود and أحمد, محمد}, title = {التنبؤ المستقبلى بالطلب على البروتين الحيوانى فى مصر}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {1489-1499}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2018.48599}, abstract = {يُعتبر التنبؤ بالطلب المستقبلى على المنتجات الغذائية عامة والبروتين الحيوانى خاصة من الأساليب الاقتصادية الهامة للتعرف على الإستهلاک المستقبلى وبالتالى مساعدة صانعي القرار على تحديد حجم الإنتاج الذى يتناسب مع هذا الإستهلاک وکذلک حجم الواردات من السلع المختلفة لسد العجز بين الإنتاج والإستهلاک. وتتمثل مشکلة الدراسة في تنامي الفجوة بين انتاج واستهلاک البروتين الحيوانى في جمهورية مصر العربية، وذلک نظراً لزيادة عدد السکان بمعدل أکبر من معدل الزيادة فى الإنتاج من البروتين الحيوانى، حيث بلغ الإنتاج المحلي من اللحوم الحمراء نحو 830.24 ألف طن في حين بلغ الإستهلاک المحلي 1077.24 ألف طن، مما يعني وجود فجوة تبلغ نحو 247 ألف طن، وبلغ الإنتاج المحلي من اللحوم البيضاء نحو 872.57 ألف طن في حين بلغ الإستهلاک المحلي 893 ألف طن، مما يعني وجود فجوة تبلغ نحو 20.4 ألف طن، وبلغ الإنتاج المحلي من الأسماک نحو 955.1 ألف طن في حين بلغ الإستهلاک المحلي 1176.1 ألف طن، مما يعني وجود فجوة تبلغ نحو 221 ألف طن کمتوسط للفترة (2000-2015)، بالإضافة إلي غياب المعلومات عن الإستهلاک والطلب المستقبلى من البروتين الحيوانى فى مصر وما يترتب عليه من غياب الرؤية لدى صانعي القرار فى تحديد حجم الإنتاج الذى يُشبع الطلب المستقبلى وکذلک حجم الواردات من هذا البروتين لسد العجز بين الإنتاج والإستهلاک. وتهدف الدراسة إلي التعرف على الوضع الراهن لإنتاج واستهلاک البروتين الحيواني فى مصر، والتنبؤ بالاستهلاک أو الطلب المستقبلى من البروتين الحيوانى، واعتمدت الدراسة على البيانات الثانوية، کما إعتمدت الدراسة فى التنبؤ بالاستهلاک المستقبلى لکلاً من اللحوم الحمراء، والدواجن والاسماک على إستخدام معدلات الإستهلاک الحالى من السلعة محل الدراسة ومن خلال معرفة معدلات النمو السکانى ومعدلات نمو الدخل القومى يمکن الحصول على عدد السکان المتوقع مستقبلاً وکذلک الدخل القومى وبحساب مرونة الطلب الدخلية لکل سلعة من خلال معدلات الاستهلاک منها والدخل القومى الاجمالى يمکن التنبؤ بالاستهلاک المستقبلى للسلعة محل الدراسة، وتُشير نتائج الدراسة الي أن مرونة الطلب الدخلية لکلا من اللحوم الحمراء، الدواجن والأسماک تقدر بنحو 0.29، 0.42 و0.61 على التوالى وهذا يعنى أن اللحوم الحمراء، الدواجن والأسماک من السلع الضرورية والتى يقل معامل مرونة الطلب الدخلية لها عن الواحد الصحيح، کما يتبين أيضاً أنه بزيادة الدخل القومى بمقدار 1% تزداد الکميات المستهلکة من اللحوم الحمراء، الدواجن والأسماک بنحو 0.29%، 0.42% و0.61% على التوالى، ويرجع نحو 45%، 47% و82% من التغيرات فى الکميات المطلوبة من اللحوم الحمراء، الدواجن والأسماک الى الزيادة فى الدخل القومى، وتم التنبؤ المستقبلى بإستهلاک البروتين الحيوانى (اللحوم الحمراء، والدواجن، والاسماک) حيث تبين  أن الإستهلاک المستقبلي من اللحوم الحمراء في السنوات (2019، 2020، 2022، 2025) سوف يبلغ 1816، 1883، 2025، 2257 ألف طن علي الترتيب، والإستهلاک المستقبلي من اللحوم البيضاء في السنوات (2019، 2020، 2022، 2025) سوف يبلغ 1430، 1493، 1630، 1858 ألف طن علي الترتيب، والإستهلاک المستقبلي من الأسماک في السنوات (2019، 2020، 2022، 2025) يبلغ 2145، 2266، 2527، 2977 ألف طن علي الترتيب، ويتضح من ذلک أن هناک زيادة مستمرة متوقعة في الإستهلاک المستقبلي من البروتين الحيواني، لذا توصي الدراسة أنه يجب علي صانعي القرار أن يأخذوا في اعتبارهم تلک الزيادة المتوقعة في الاستهلاک عند وضع السياسات الإنتاجية لمواجهة تلک الزيادة المتوقعة في الإستهلاک.}, keywords = {الطلب,البروتين الحيواني,التنبؤ المستقبلي,الدخل القومي,معامل المرونة}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48599.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_48599_bd0854a74b6eaef376c48ec6f4965b95.pdf} }