@article { author = {Sedhom, Youstina and Ali, M. and Awaad, H. and Rabie, H.}, title = {HETEROSIS AND FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR SOME IMPORTANT TRAITS IN NEW MAIZE HYBRIDS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {711-728}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101006}, abstract = {The present study was performed to determine the extent of standard heterosis in forty five crosses resulting from a 10 × 10 diallel analysis system. The obtained crosses along with two checks (S.C. 10 and S.C. 30k8) were evaluated in two different planting dates i.e., May, 15th and June 15th. Standard heterosis were computed for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, chlorophyll content, grain yield / plant, protein (%) and oil (%) in each planting date as well as combined analyses.  Results indicated that the single cross P5 × P6 expressed the highest desirable heterotic values for days to 50% tasseling and chlorophyll content relative to both checks. The hybrid P4 × P5 gave the best standard heterotic effects for days to 50% silking relative to both checks. The best standard heterosis for plant height and ear height relative to both checks was obtained for the cross P1 × P8 in the second planting date and combined data. For grain yield/plant, the most desirable standard heterotic effects were obtained for the cross P6 × P8 relative to S.C. 10 and S.C. 30k8, recording 20.10% and 17.72% in the combined analyses, respectively. The best standard heterosis effects for protein (%) were detected in the cross P4 × P7 relative to both checks in the second planting date and the combined analyses. For oil (%), the best heterosis values relative to both checks were detected for the cross P1 × P2 in the combined analyses. The correlation coefficient values between grain yield/plant and each of chlorophyll content, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, 100 grain weight and shelling (%) were positive and highly significant. The factor analysis technique divided the studied variables into four main factors accounted for 77.83% of the total variance. The first factor included four variables i.e., ear length, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row and shelling (%) and accounted for 21.15%. While, the second factor consisted of two variables i.e., plant and ear heights and accounted for 19.73% of the total variance. The third factor included two variables namely, days to 50% tasseling and silking and accounted for 19.00% of total variance. Three variables were loaded in the fourth factor i.e., chlorophyll content, ear diameter and 100 grain weight and accounted for 17.95% of the total variance of the dependence structure.  }, keywords = {Maize,standard heterosis,correlation,factor analysis}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101006.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101006_80351e3126faa1e4fb169c5301b4fc6b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Ahamed, and Zeidan, E. and Gweifel, H. and Abd El-Hameed, I. and Mahfouz, Sanaa}, title = {INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS ON FRESH FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME FORAGE SORGHUM GENOTYPES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {729-743}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101009}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted during two successive summer growing seasons 2013 and 2014 in an administration field at Meet Gaber village, Belbais District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment aimed to study the effect of four planting densityies (D1:70000 plants/fad., D2: 105000 plants/fad., D3:140000 plants/fad.; D4: 210000 plants/fad.) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1: 15 kg N/fad./cut; N2:30 kg N/fad./ cut; N3: 45 kg N/fad./cut) on fresh weight /plant, fresh forage yield/fad., as well as  crude protein and fiber contents in leaves and stems at 1st and 2nd cut of three forage sorghum genotypes (G1: Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf, cv. Giza 2),G2: sweet sorghum  (S. bicolor L. Moench, cv. Giza 1), and G3: sorghum (S. bicolor L. Moench) x Sudan grass (S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf, cv. Surdan) as an interspecies hybrid. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Sudan grass was superior in fresh weight /plant, fresh forage yield /fad., where sweet sorghum was superior in crude protein and fiber contents. Using planting density 70000 plants/fad., had a significant increase in fresh weight /plant, crude protein and fiber content in leaves and stems. Fresh forage yield/fad., was significantly increased due to increasing planting density up to 140000 or 210000 plants/fad., at 1st and 2nd cut in both seasons and their combined analysis. The increase of N level up to 45 kg N/fad., caused a significant increase in the aforementioned characters, except crude fiber content which significantly decreased at 1st and 2nd cut in both seasons and their combined analysis.}, keywords = {Forage sorghum genotypes,planting density,nitrogen,sudan grass,Sweet sorghum,crude protein,Crude fiber}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101009.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101009_bb56d54d4f6cdbdeeb8ae229e6055d0f.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Khalek, Rasha}, title = {APPLICATION OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKER TO DIFFERENTIATE AMONG EIGHT BARLEY VARIETIES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {745-754}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101010}, abstract = {The present investigation was carried out to identity eight barley varieties using DNA fingerprinting detected by (SSR)-PCR molecular markers and SDS- PAGA protein electrophoresis. Twelve anchored SSR primers were used for fingerprinting of the eight barley varieties and 76 bands were detected, from which 56 bands (74%) were polymorphic. Giza 125 variety produced the largest number of markers. It produced 14 band markers in seven primers (SSR 1, SSR 4, SSR 5, SSR 6, SSR 7, SSR 11 and SSR 12). Giza 123 variety produced five bands in three primers (SSR 5, SSR 8 and SSR 12). Giza 127 produced four bands in three primers (SSR 5, SSR 8 and SSR 9). Giza 124 produced two bands in two primers (SSR 2 and SSR 8). Also Giza 132 variety produced two bands in two primers (SSR 9 and SSR 11). Giza 129 variety has one band marker in primer SSR 8. On the other hand, the results of protein electrophoresis revealed that, total number of bands was 13, out of which 7 bands (54%) were polymorphic. Protein electrophoresis produced four marker bands, three of them were found in variety Giza 124 and one in variety Giza 129. Existing genetic differences between varieties are of great importance from the point of view of the breeder to take advantage in barley improvement programs.}, keywords = {Barley,Hordeum vulgare,L. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresiss (SDS-PAGE),simple sequence repeat (DNA-SSR)}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101010.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101010_dbb3a9088c5e7857261dee7e7ea9a1cf.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Mohamed and Fekry, Wafaa and Wahdan, H. and Bardisi, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON STRAWBERRY (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) MICROPROPAGATION DURING MULTIPLICATION STAGE}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {755-761}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101011}, abstract = {The present work was conducted at the tissue culture lab. of the Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams University, Egypt. It aims to reveal the micropropagation possibilities of Festival and Marquez strawberry cultivars using runners meristem culture on different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3); i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mgl-1) in multiplication stage. Supplementation the media with GA3 at 0.4 mgl-1 gave the highest values for number of shoots per explant and leaf number per shoot, whereas GA3 at 0.5mgl-1for shoot length was found to be the most appropriate concentration. In addition, Festival strawberry cultivar achieved the best results of all features under study than Marquez cultivar. The most favourble interaction treatment for maximizing number of shoots/explant and number of leaves/shoot was MS medium containing 0.1 mgl-1 benzyladenine (BA) + 0.4 mgl-1 GA3 with Festival strawberry cultivar.}, keywords = {strawberry,cultivars,Festival-Marquez,micropropagation,GA3}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101011.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101011_bed790ab6bbc2ece15a2a4f67d5d7c3d.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasr, Hassan and Khalil, M. and Arisha, H. and Bardisi, A.}, title = {THE PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT BODIES QUALITY OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus florida) AS AFFECTED BY SOME ORGANIC SUPPLEMENTATIONS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {763-770}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101012}, abstract = {This study was conducted during the period from 2014 to 2015 in Mushroom Research Laboratory (MRL), Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, ZagazigUniversity to determine the suitable organic supplementations that enhance the yield and fruit bodies quality of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus florida). The added organic supplementations were rice bran and wheat bran at rates of 5%, 10% and 15% (W/W) of each separately. The best favourable treatment for increasing both diameter and weight of both cap and stipe, number of clusters/bag, early yield and total yield was cultivation of oyster mushroom on rice straw supplied with 15% rice bran, followed by rice straw + 10% rice bran. The highest values of both average cluster weight and dry matter percentage were obtained when mushroom was cultivated on rice straw + 5% rice bran. In addition, rice straw substrate amended with 15% rice bran gave the highest values of biological efficiency percentage. Whereas, cultivation of mushroom on rice straw + 15% wheat bran produced the lowest number of clusters per bag and the lowest biological efficiency percentage, followed by rice straw + 5% wheat bran. On the other hand, growing of oyster mushroom on rice straw + 10% wheat bran recorded the highest values of N, P, K, crude protein and total carbohydrates in fruit bodies, whereas fruit bodies obtained from growing of oyster mushroom on rice straw + 15% rice bran contained the lowest value of potassium and total carbohydrates percentage.}, keywords = {Supplementations,Oyster mushroom,yield,biological efficiency,fruit body quality}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101012.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101012_68fe49e1352090f9d6a2d0ec1f4c8cea.pdf} } @article { author = {Sourial, Gamil and Al-Ashkar, R. and Ibrahim, M. and Mahmoud, Z.}, title = {RESPONSE OF SUPERIOR SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES TO A COMPLEX OF SOME WINTER PRUNING TREATMENTS, TWO HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE SPRAYS AND THINNING OF SHOOTS AND BUNCHES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {771-783}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101013}, abstract = {In 2014 and 2015 years, mature Superior seedless grapevines were winter pruned on late Dec. to have 11 fruit canes (FCs) each with 14 buds (11 x14) (control, prevailing in the region), 7 FCs each with 14 buds (7 x 14), 8 FCs each with 12 buds (8 x 12) and 10 FCs each with 10 buds (10 x 10). All experimental vines were without renewal spurs. Two hydrogen cyanamide (HC) (5%) sprays were applied on all experimental vines; the first spray was on 31 Dec. on the basal sections of all FCs (buds 1-5), while the second HC spray was on 8 Jan. on the whole FCs. Control vines received only one spray on 8 Jan. By mid-March, thinning of shoots and bunches was practiced to leave 60 shoots and 30 bunches on each vine. The criteria of budburst, bud fertility, yield components, berry physical and chemical characteristics and vegetative growth were used to evaluate the tested treatments. The obtained results revealed that budburst (%) was greatly enhanced on the basal sections of FCs (buds 1-5), particularly with the shorter FCs. Also, bud fertility was increased on the basal sections. It could be recommended to winter prune Superior seedless grapevines to 10 FCs with 10 buds on each FC, and to spray HC (5%) twice, the first on the basal five buds on 31 Dec. and the second on the whole FCs on 8 Jan. and with shoot and bunch thinning by mid-March (60 shoots and 30 bunches/ vine). This complex gave the highest yield, bunch and berry quality and vegetative growth.}, keywords = {superior seedless grapevines,winter pruning,Hydrogen cyanamide,budburts,Leaf/bunch ratio,yield}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101013.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101013_2663c1c9a5bffaa76605440583e644c1.pdf} } @article { author = {Raafat, Shaymaa and Abou-Zaid, M. and Tohamy, M. and Arisha, H.}, title = {IMPACT OF SOME PLANT ESSENTIAL OIL TREATMENTS ON CONTROLLING CHERRY TOMATOES SPOILAGE, IMPROVEMENT SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES DURING STORAGE}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {785-813}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101014}, abstract = {Food safety is one of the major issues to fresh fruits and vegetables. The preservation of freshness quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is relevant due to their economical impact. Under modified atmosphere (MA) (12% CO2 + 6% O2) cool storage conditions (7º C ± 1 and RH 90 ± 3%), some essential oils (black seed, fenugreek, cinnamon, spearmint, basil, and thyme) were used to treat, healthy and inoculated fruits with spoilage pathogens Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. The results indicated that fruits decay decreased in coated fruits treated with essential oils. However, as the storage period progressed, a general declining trend in all fruits quality parameters were observed for all treatments except for tomatoes treated with the essential oils, which, showing a lowest weight loss, firmness, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, sugar fractions and antioxidant components (vitamin C., lycopene and phenolic fractions). The highest color changes were found in control group, inoculated fruits and untreated group. The obtained results suggested that essential plant oils may improve control decay of fruits, enhancement fruit shelf life and quality-related attributes on top of the well- documented antimicrobial protection during cold storage.}, keywords = {Essential oils,cherry tomato,quality parameters,Spoilage,Alternaria alternata,Botrytis cinerea}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101014.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101014_20b11d4716973d36ac27f67a4caf5578.pdf} } @article { author = {Khairy, Ahmed and Tohamy, M. and Zayed, M. and El-Mosalmy, H.}, title = {FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO TUBERS SOFT ROT DURING STORAGE}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {815-826}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101015}, abstract = {Five soft rot bacteria with different degree(s) of virulence were selected out of 25 isolates previously recovered from marketed potato and storehouses in Sharkia Governorate. Pathogenicity test of these isolates to produce soft rot symptoms on Diamant potato tubers was verified. Bacteriological properities of the identified isolates revealed identity with Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jone 1901) Bergey et al. (1923). The five selected pathogenic isolates namely FS5, FM3, ES8, EM1 and EM2 were arranged in descending order according to their pathogenic potential. Medium to low growth temperature range from 5-20ºC, acidity (pH4.5), usual ventilation during storage and late physiological maturity were unfavorable for greater rot development. Higher growth temperature (30-35 ºC), anaerobic condition, alkalinity (pH 8.5) and early maturity parameters (90-100 days) increased disease development during storage. Tubers susceptibility to rot revealed that potato Spunta cultivar was the highest one followed by Diamant and King Edward. Liability to Erwinia soft rot differed according to the hosts. It was enormously recognized on garlic, onion bulb, tomato, eggplant and pepper compared limited soft rot on cucumber, squash and some fruitiness.}, keywords = {Erwinia carotovora,potato soft rot,bacteriological properities,ventilation and acidity}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101015.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101015_98bc4515e2f3aef18c1b08eb25083ccc.pdf} } @article { author = {Shalaby, Shalaby and Shalaby, S. and Amen, M.}, title = {SURVEY OF SOME FUNGAL DISEASES ON GARLIC PLANTS AT EAST DELTA GOVERNORATES OF EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {827-836}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101016}, abstract = {A survey of pink root rot, Stemphylium blight and powdery mildew as new recording fungal diseases on garlic were conducted in 60 garlic fields at different localities of four governorates at East Delta region of Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/ 2015 growing seasons. Pink root rot disease caused by P. terrestris was found on garlic Seds-40 cv., more than on Balady one. The disease was appeared 120- 130 days after planting in naturally infested soil. The occurrence of garlic pink root rot disease was widely prevalent in Ismailia Governorate, followed by Suez and North Sinai Governorates, meanwhile Skarkia Governorate showed the least percentage of infection. Stemphylium blight caused by S. vesicarium was appeared 50- 60 days after planting in naturally infected fields. The disease was widely prevalent in Ismailia Governorate followed by Sharkia and Suez Governorates while North Sinai showed the least infection. Powdery mildew disease was appeared 90- 100 days after planting in naturally infected fields. The occurrence of garlic powdery mildew caused by L. taurica was widely prevalent in North Sinai Governorate, followed by Ismailia and Suez Governorates, while Sharkia Governorate showed the least infection. Pathogenicity tests revealed that isolates caused pink root severity ranged between 23.31-70.20%, Stemphylium blight infection ranged between 53.76 - 68.22% and powdery mildew severity ranged between 47.70-59.80% on garlic Seds-40cv.}, keywords = {fungal diseases,Garlic,L. taurica,P. terrestris,S. vesicarium,Survey}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101016.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101016_220e25bb68c9a8e6ee6c7555bf332765.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Maracy, Sherin and Ali, M. and Mandour, A. and Fayed, A. and Elmaghraby, Samia}, title = {MUTAGENIC AND ANTI-MUTAGENIC RESPONSE OF STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) PLANT EXTRACT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {837-848}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101017}, abstract = {Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) leaves have been used in many countries. It called as sweet herb. Stevia leaves have been used as either a sweetener or as a medicinal plant. The aim of this work was to study its mutagenic and antimutagenic potentiality using bacterial assays (prophage induction and transduction). The results showed that the survival percentages of bacterial cells tested with stevia extract at concentration 10% did not changed greatly. The obtained results showed a minor increase in prophage F116 induction assay, wherease pfu/ml ranged from 1.58 up to 2.34 × 104 as a result of using the concentrations from 0.00 up to 20.00% respectively. When applying the Heinemann (1971) equation on transduction analysis, it was noted that the increase than control ranged from 1.03 up to 1.34 folds only when 20% of stevia extract was used. In order to assay antimutagenic response of stevia to a mutagenic compound (EMS), whereas mutagenic index (MI) dropped from 12.06 at 20.00% of EMS up to 3.36 when 10% of stevia extract was added. The results proved that stevia leaves ethanol extract has no mutagenic activity and it has an antimutagenic activity.}, keywords = {Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni.),mutagenicity,Bacterial assays,prophage induction assay,transduction assay}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101017.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101017_3ca7902512794ba3dff0236907f24257.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed, Sherefa and Abd El-Fattah, H. and Abd El-Basit, Howaida and Mahgoub, S.}, title = {EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AT ZAGAZIG CITY FOR REMOVING MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS (CASE STUDY)}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {849-860}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101018}, abstract = {Biological urban wastewater treatment plants utilize microorganisms for wastewater treatment so that microbiological characterization of processes is very important. In addition, the removal of these microorganisms in the effluent for their reuse is important. This study aims to characterize the presence of microbial flora and chemical pollutants along the processes in Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) at ZagazigCity. The removal efficiency of total bacterial counts was approximately 20 -74% during all the periods of study from April 2011 up to January 2012. However, the average total Enterobacteriaceae count in the wastewater samples reduced in all the periods by 85% except in June and December 2011in which the reduction was varied between 29-37%. The results show a high level of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella in the raw wastewater; although their total removal is not achieved (the removal efficiency was 11 to 83 %). Candida spp., which is a yeast indicator, although it is less usual than E. coli, is detected in raw wastewater as well as in treated wastewater. The maximum total yeasts and Candida counts in the wastewater samples were reduced by 64.29 and 95.24 %, respectively in August and October 2011. There was no difference in the physicochemical properties found in the treated wastewater during all the periods of the study in WTP. The maximum removal efficiency of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, sulphate and oil in the treated wastewater samples was 91.6, 89.8, 8.6, 45.4, 99.2 and 90.2 %, respectively}, keywords = {Wastewater,coliforms,E. coli,Salmonella,BOD,COD,TDS}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101018.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101018_39fcd85c9c297552c8d9ea04ad7046fa.pdf} } @article { author = {Salama, Ali and Osman, A. and Abdel Ghany, A. and Sitohy, M.}, title = {HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF Anabaena oryzae SOS13 PHYCOCYANIN IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {861-874}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101019}, abstract = {The safety of phycocyanin pigment extracted from Anabaena oryzae  SOS13 was assessed by administration to Wistar Albino rats as one single dose or repeated doses (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body wt/day) over 28 days. Acute toxicity assay indicated the safety of Anabaena phycocyanin with the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) up to 5,000 mg/kg body wt. The changes in body or organ weight in Anabaena phycocyanin receiving rats during 28 days were within normal range of the control. The levels of serum protein and A/G ratio did not indicate any inflammatory or liver impairment and rather referred to ameliorated protein metabolism. SDS-PAGE confirmed that Anabaena phycocyanin have not any toxic influence on the expression of serum proteins or immunity system. The levels of serum glucose in the rats receiving Anabaena phycocyanin did not indicate any toxic effects. The levels of serum urea and creatinine in the phycocyanin receiving rats indicated not only the lack of renal toxic effects but also an ameliorating action on renal performance. Anabaena phycocyanin treatments were associated with insignificant increases in the level of hematological parameters revealed the absence of adverse effects on mature circulating cells, hemoglobin synthesis, white blood cell (WBC) synthesis, blood coagulation and homeostasis.}, keywords = {Anabaena oryzae,phycocyanin,Acute toxicity,sub-acute toxicity}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101019.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101019_07766a03da73f0ea0c63e87ec97f3be8.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahin, Sahar and Tahoun, Salah and Ghabour, Tharwat and El-Naka, El-Sayed}, title = {CHEMICAL FEATURES OF SOME SOIL RESOURCES IN EL-TINA PLAIN OF NORTHWESTERN SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {875-889}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101021}, abstract = {El-Tina plain comprises an expansive landscape of soils that are collectively covered by the mega soil reclamation project of El-Salam/Sheikh Gaber Canal. The objective of this work is to prepare a database for some localities in the area, a prerequisite to allocative efficiency nexus for sustainable development in Egypt. A reconnaissance survey led to choosing 16 sites, each was completely described in the field and sampled for subsequent analysis. Field inspection revealed that the soils are barren with shallow watertable. Soil genesis indicates that they are derived from the defunct Pelusiac Branch of the Nile that used to run across northwestern Sinai. Particle size analysis revealed that some soils contain up to 80 % clay. Chemical analysis revealed that most soils are heavily infested with salinity and sodicity, aside from other constraints including salt crusts. Due to salinity perturbation, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is not correlated with sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The dominant soluble cation is Na+ at 1323.34 cmole l-1 followed in sequence by Mg2+ at 867.59 cmole l-1, Ca2+ at 386.44 cmole l-1, and K at 57.85 cmole l-1. The dominant soluble anion is Cl- at 1414.41 cmole l-1 followed by SO42- at 1193.90 cmole l-1, whereas the HCO3- is below one cmolel-1.The average EMgP stands at 48.85 compared with ESP at 31.75. This is confirmative evidence indicating seawater intrusion. Given these provisions, it is concluded that soil reclamation in the investigated localities for crop cultivation is dubious. An aquaculture production system may turn out to be a sagely alternative scenario. }, keywords = {Sinai,El-Tina Plain,salinity,allocative efficiency}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101021.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101021_48da4bcfc84d3595af14d8f8dcd80c62.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Aal, Samah and Moussa, K. and Ibrahim, A. and Abdel-Fattah, M.}, title = {SALINE-SODIC SOILS RECLAMATION BY ELECTROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION TECHNIQUE}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {891-899}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101022}, abstract = {Soil columns technique was conducted to assess the possibility of saline-sodic soils reclamation by using gypsum (G), sulfur (S) , rice straw compost (RSC) and direct current (DC). Soil  samples  were  collected  from  Sahl  El-Hossinia,  El-Sharkia  Governorate,  Egypt. The treatments were control (leaching alone), G, S, RSC, DC, DC + G, DC + S and DC + RSC. Results showed pronounced decrease in soil bulk density, pH, ECe and exchangeable sodium percentage for all treatments. The most effective treatment was DC+G. Efficiency of treatments was in the following order: DC+G > DC+S> DC+C > DC > G > S > C > Control.}, keywords = {gypsum,sulfur,compost and direct current}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101022.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101022_92617663cba0c40f6638cf5a34154bff.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalifa, Mohamed}, title = {MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY TO DESERTIFICATION IN SOME AREAS AT WEST OF DELTA, EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {901-921}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101024}, abstract = {Current study aimed at classifying the environmental sensitivity to desertification using quantitative indices of soil, groundwater, erosion, and vegetation qualities. In addition to monitor the changing trends of the environmental sensitivities regarding their intensity and quality with time. Two studied areas were chosen to model soils of West of Delta. The first located at Sugar beat area over 21300 faddans while the second located at El-Bostan area over 14800 faddans. A comparison between their sensitivity qualities was performed during a period of 25 years starting in 1990 till 2015. Using an ETM image, DEM was processed in which slope gradient was extracted. Field investigations were undertaken. Soil mapping units were sampled at representative profiles. Laboratory analyses were carried out for collected soil samples. MEDALUS model published by the European Commission (Kosmas et al., 2003) was used for sensitivity evaluation, in addition to some modification done by Desert Research Center (DRC) staff (Hegazi et al., 2009). Results of calculating the environmental sensitivity areas (ESAs) for desertification indicated that Sugar beat area was classified as moderate sensible where ESIs ranged between 1.327-1.374 over 38.0% in 1990, while being between 1.354-1.386 over 38.3% in 2015. Meanwhile, the moderate ESIs at El-Bostan vary between 1.313-1.357 over 39.9% in 1990, which surpass to be between 1.335-1.373 above 41.5% in 2015. Studied areas were partially classified as very sensitive and sensitive to desertification. It was grown up at Sugar beat as accounted for 9.1% in 1990 and 13.4% in 2015 of the total area. While it was completely renovated into moderate sensitive at El-Bostan due to ground leveling and existence of sufficient vegetation cover. Percentages of sensitivity classes at Sugar beat in 1990 found to be very close to corresponding values in 2015, but with different spatial distributions. Further, the study achieved more positive changes of El-Bostan sensitivity than occurred in Sugar beat which had more intensive limitations i.e. shallow profile depth, saline groundwater as sea water intrusion, soil salinization, and difficulty of leveling due to ground hardness as affected by high lime content rather than rock exposures. It can be concluded that implementing maps of sensitivity to desertification is rather useful in the newly reclaimed desert areas as they give more likely quantitative trend for frequency of sensitivity. Applied agricultural systems affect negatively on increase the environmental sensitivity to desertification in some locations at both of studied areas. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate current practices and/or land uses to prevent that degradation.}, keywords = {Desertification,environmental sensitivity indices,Soil Quality,sugar beat area,El-Bostan area,West of Delta}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101024.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101024_c4d006e7fe662609cc3b76bc1d6bf8d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Elrahman, Abd Elrahman and Goda, A. and Abd Rhman, G. and Ayyat, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF WATER SALINITY AND NaCl SUPPLEMENTAION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, FEED UTILIZATION, BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA, Oreochromis niloticus}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {939-953}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101048}, abstract = {A 12-week growth  study was carried out to investigate the effects of water salinity (10 and 15 ppt) and dietary sodium chloride, NaCl supplementation (0, 3 and 6% NaCl) levels on growth performance, survival rate and blood components of juvenile of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus. The results indicated that final live body weight, daily growth rate, relative growth and specific growth significantly (P<0.001) affected with water salinity, also feed conversion was significantly (P<0.001) improved. Final live body weight and growth rate increased in fish group reared at low water salinity level when compared with fish group reared at the high water salinity. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), glucose and total lipids concentration insignificantly affected with water salinity. Uric acid and serum creatinine concentration significantly (P<0.001) affected with water salinity. Red blood cells and white blood cells counts increased significantly (P<0.001) with increasing salinity level in pond water, while lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophil cells insignificantly affected with water salinity. Live body weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate and specific growth rate, significantly (P<0.001) affected with NaCl supplementation. Fish group fed diets supplemented with 3% NaCl recorded final body and daily gain higher by 11.18 and 25.58% when compared with those fed diet without supplementation, while fish fed diets supplemented with 6% NaCl recorded 4.95 and 18.6%, respectively. Fish group fed diets supplemented with 3% NaCl recorded the best survival rate. Daily feed intake affected significantly (P<0.001) with NaCl supplementation, while feed conversion ratio insignificantly affected with NaCl supplementation. Fish group fed diet supplemented with 3% NaCl recorded higher glucose concentration than the other experimental groups, while this group recorded lower plasma creatinine and uric acid. The obtained results indicated that salinity is a key factor in controlling growth of Nile tilapia.}, keywords = {water salinity,NaCl,Nile tilapia,growth rate,feed efficiency,blood components}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101048.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101048_8c2f7517f9bfb4ed885aebd5ba4024b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Hanan and Abd El-Gellel, A. and El-Shewy, Madiha and El-Abbassy, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF GERMINATION AND PRESSURE COOKING ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF THE NAKED BARLEY FLOUR}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {955-962}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101049}, abstract = {Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an ancient and important cereal grain crop. It has been an important food source in many parts of the world.This study was carried out to investigate the effect of germination and pressure cooking on the chemical composition and various antinutritional factors (Phytic acid, tannins and trypsin inhibitor activities) of the barley cultivar Giza 131. Processing treatments showed significant effect on protein, amino acids, fat, mineral, fiber and antinutritional factors contents of barley. Germination increased the protein, fiber and calcium content to 9.86%, 1.58% and 75.89 mg/100g, respectively. Also, all essential amino acid contents were increased by germination. In contrast protein, fiber and calcium showed decrease by pressure cooking to 8.56%, 1.24% and 54.12 mg/100g, respectively. In germination and pressure cooking of barley fat, ash, P, Fe, and Zn content were decreased. Pressure cooking showed maximum decrease of antinutritional factors (Phytic acid, tannins and trypsin inhibitor activities). Maximum reduction was observed in trypsin inhibitor (61.4%), followed by phytic acid (51.2%) compared with raw barley.}, keywords = {Barley,Germination,pressure cooking,antinutritional factors}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101049.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101049_9d77b3181d7990dcf4f4df3b39ead6f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Moselhy, Sara and Ragab, M. and Shehata, Manal and Shalaby, Hanan}, title = {A STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS OF MOTHERS ABOUT FOOD ADDITIVES}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {963-976}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101050}, abstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate mother‘s awareness about food additives and healthy and unhealthy nutritional habits. Sources of information about food additives were also evaluated. Data was collected using a questionnaire that was distributed to 600 randomly selected mothers from Sharkia Governorate (urban and rural) and Matrouh Governorate (Bedouin). The results showed that the highest percentage of mothers age was obtained in Bedouin area 62.35%, representing age between 18 and 32 years old, followed by 49% in rural area and 41.30% in urban area of mothers age between 33 and 47 years old. The housewives represented the highest percentage and valued 88.24% of mothers in Bedouin area. The results indicated that the highest percentage of academic mothers was cleared in urban area and amounted 52.17%. Also, the highest percentage of familys income (4000 LE < per month) was 34.78% in urban area compared to rural and Bedouin area. Furthermore, the results revealed that the highest values of mothers awareness about food additives, healthy and unhealthy nutritional habits were recorded in urban area, whereas, the lowest value was obtained in Bedouin. The highest sources of information about food additives were friends and relatives (82.5%) of mothers in rural area. From the results it could be recommended to increase education level of mothers in Bedouin area.}, keywords = {Awareness,Nutritional habits,food additives,socioeconomic status}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101050.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101050_b03915fc41f9431f47c209204d1e3928.pdf} } @article { author = {Abuo El-Enine, Habeba and Metwally, E. and El-Deeb, M. and Mohamed, Zeinab}, title = {BIOLOGICAL AND LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME VOLATILE PLANT OILS, ALOE AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND SPINOSAD ON COWPEA BEETLE, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {977-988}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101051}, abstract = {This study was carried out under constant conditions at 30±°C and 60± 5% RH on cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) treated with four volatile plant oils (clove, thyme, marjoram and rosemary), aloe aqueous extract and spinosad. The obtained data are summarized as follows: The highest fecundity (63.67 eggs) was recorded in cowpea seeds treated with thyme oil at 0.5% and the lowest one (2.67 eggs) at 2.0% on rosemary oil, compared with (135.67 eggs) in the control.The highest fertility (86.25%) was occurred at 1% of thyme oil, but the lowest one (zero%) was recorded in case of 2% marjoram oil as compared with control (68.38%). There were no larval penetrations (zero) into seeds with all volatile oils at different concentrations except (7.73%) at 0.5% of thyme oil as compared with 11.19% in control. Moreover, the highest fecundity (38.67 eggs) was recorded at 0.5% and decreased to (11.33 eggs) at 2%, the highest percentage of larval penetration (6.22 %) was recorded at 0.5% and decreased to 0.0% in the concentrations of 1.5% and 2%, compared with (11.19%) in control, when treated with aloe aqueous extract. The percentage of eggs reduction was increased by increasing the concentrations used. The highest percentage of reduction (94.25 %) was recorded at the concentration of 2%, while the lowest one (71.09%) was recorded at 0.5%. The highest percentage of weight loss (3.39%) was recorded at 0.5% of clove oil, and the lowest percent (1.15%) was found at 2% of aloe aqueous extract. The highest feeding deterrence index (FDI) was 36.83% as concerns aloe aqueous extract and the lowest one (19.65%) was recorded with clove oil.Adult mortality percentage increased by increasing the concentration of the volatile plant oils used. The highest percentage of mortality (72.22%) was recorded at 2% and 3% rosemary oil after 72 hr. from treatment and 3% of both clove and thyme oils, while the lowest percent (2.78%) was recorded at 0.5% after 24 hr., of clove oil. The highest percentage of mortality (52.78%) was recorded on cowpea seeds treated aloe aqueous extract at 3% after 72 hr., of treatment, while the lowest one (13.89%) was obtained at 0.5% after 48 hr. The highest mortality of spinosadwas 80.0% at 70 ppm after 72 hr., whereas the lowest percent (1.67%) was recorded at 40 and 50 ppm after 24 hr. post-treatment, compared with 33.33% at 1 ppm after 24 hr. exposure to malathion (1% powder) and the highest one of 100.00% which was recorded at 8 ppm after 72 hr., exposure period.}, keywords = {Volatile plant oils,aloe extract,feeding deterrence index (FDI),Spinosad,Cowpea beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus (F.),biological and lethal effects}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101051.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101051_6379b2c0e43580aad0019be9ea1164c5.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sitiny, Mona and Hassanein, S. and Hammad, K. and Soliman, O.}, title = {CERTAIN STORAGE PROTEINS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE RESISTANCE OF SOME LEGUME SEED TYPES AND VARIETIES TO INFESTATION WITH THE COWPEA SEEDS BEETLE, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {989-1002}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101053}, abstract = {Seventeen legume seed varieties belonging to ten types were analyzed for each of total proteins, trypsin inhibitors, vicilins and lectins to study the relationship between the presence of the storage seed proteins in legume seeds and resistance to infestation with the cowpea seeds beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) under no-choice bioassay at constant conditions of 29±1°C and 70 ± 5% RH. The tested types and varieties were cowpea (Fitriat, Forage and Kafr El-Sheikh),  fababean (Aquadams, Giza 843 and Sakha 1), pea (Master B and Smooth) common bean (Bronco and Nepraska), lupin (Giza 1 and White lupin), chickpea (Giza 195), soyabean (Giza 111), lentil (Giza 9), guar (Guvar bean) and lablab (Egyptian kidney bean). To clarify the impact of the storage seed proteins in legume seed varieties and types on infestation with C. maculatus, larval period, pupal period, least and mean complete developmental periods, number of emerged adults per female, percentage of adults emergence and sex ratio (as percentage of males) were determined. Moreover, susceptibility index, infested seeds (%), mean number of holes per infested seed, seeds weight loss (%), weight of early emerged adult and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female were assessed as infestation parameters. The obtained results showed that, each of total proteins, trypsin inhibitors, vicilins and lectins of different tested legume seed varieties and types are negatively correlated with all aforesaid resistance parameters with the exception of those respecting larval and pupal durations, least and mean complete developmental periods and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female. As regards total proteins of varieties, larval period, least and mean complete developmental periods, susceptibility index and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female reached high significance degree at 0.01 level of probability, whereas pupal period obviously showed significant correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of probability. But, the other studied resistance parameters did not demonstrate significant correlations. Significancy test of correlation relationships respecting trypsin inhibitors clearly proved to be insignificant for all studied characters, except for those of larval stage period, least and mean developmental periods which cleared highly significant correlations and significant ones with susceptibility index, number of holes per infested seed and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female. All tested seed varieties of guar, lupin and common bean revealed completely linear inverse relationship between trypsin inhibitors and susceptibility to cowpea seeds beetle infestation indicating deterring effects for insect development. Also, vicilins content proved that simple correlation coefficient values regarding the abovementioned resistance parameters reached high significancy degree excepting those concerning larval stage period, percentage of infested seeds, seeds weight loss percentage and weight of emerged adult that showed significant correlation as well as insignificant ones were recorded with sex ratio as percentage of adult males and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female. All tested legume seed varieties of soyabean- Giza111 and lentil- Giza 9 revealed almostly linear inverse relationship between vicilins and susceptibility to cowpea seeds beetle infestation and showed retarding effects for insect development. As concerns lectins of the infested legume seed varieties, the correlation relationships proved to be highly significant with larval stage period, least and mean complete developmental periods, susceptibility index and number of dead individuals inside seeds per female, while in case of number of emerged adults per female, adults emergence percentage, number of holes per infested seed and seeds weight loss percentage the correlation was significant. The correlation of other resistance parameters did not attain significancy degree.}, keywords = {Legume seed types and varieties,Callosobruchus maculatus (F.),resistance,storage seed proteins,trypsin inhibitors,vicilins,Lectins}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101053.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101053_0c58ef23ed816d692ae24f98fb8db391.pdf} } @article { author = {Aiad, Kkaled and Abo-Zaid, Amal}, title = {BIOLOGAL ASPECTS OF THE SPIDER, Thantus albinii (AUDOUIN) (ARANEIDA: PHILODROMIDAE) FEEDING ON FIVE TYPES OF PREYS}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1003-1007}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101054}, abstract = {The spider Thantus albinii(Audouin) was reared on five types of prey motile stages of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; the leguminous aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and first and second larval instars of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.); mixture of all the previous preys and different randomly preys included the previous preys plus Aphis gossypii Glover, Thrips tabaci Lind.; Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund). Incubation period averaged 10.8 to 12.3 days. Individuals pass through seven spiderlings before reaching adult. Spider T.albinii doesn’t complete its life cycle when was fed on T. urticae and reached only to the third spiderling and died. The life cycle averaged 104 and 98.2, 64.1 and 59.9, 89.3 and 81.4 as well as 148.3 and 132.6 days for female and male when fed on the other four types of prey previously mentioned,respectively at 27 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH. Female oviposition period lasted 14.5, 13.5, 15.7 and 19.8 days and the deposited egg sacs averaged 1.6, 1.7, 2.3 and 2.4 when fed on A. craccivora, S. littoralis, mixed preys and random preys,respectively.}, keywords = {Predatory spider,Thantus albinii (Audoium),biological aspects,preys}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101054.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101054_a0e341c9fc624031b66f4dad922a0443.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Nagdy, Tamer and Morad, M. and Afify, M.}, title = {UTILIZATION OF MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCING MOZZARELLA CHEESE}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1009-1023}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101055}, abstract = {  The present study was carried out to compare three different methods for producing three types of mozzarella cheese (natural, analogue and mix mozzarella cheeses). The main experiments were conducted under four steam pressures of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kPa and four processing temperatures of 65, 72, 75 and 80 °C. Evaluation of the three methods for producing mozzarella cheese was conducted taking into consideration productivity, melting, stretching, energy requirements and operational cost. The obtained data reveal the following important points: Manufacturing of analogue and mix mozzarella cheeses increased productivity and decreased both of specific energy and operational cost comparing with manufacturing of natural mozzarella cheese. Final product quality after manufacturing mix and natural mozzarella cheese are approximately similar and very close to the standard quality guidelines (standard limits). Maximum productivity values and minimum energy and cost were achieved in the case of manufacturing analogue, mix and natural mozzarella cheeses under conditions of 100 kPa steam pressure and 72 °C processing temperature.}, keywords = {Analogue,Mozzarella,operational cost,processing temperature}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101055.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101055_83667f06006f274cb7384950d5c168f2.pdf} } @article { author = {Fayed, Mohamed and El-Shal, M. and El-Ashry, A. and El-Shal, Hanan}, title = {ENGINEERING STUDIES ON FLAX FIBER EXTRACTION}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1025-1038}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101056}, abstract = {Nowadays, there is an intention to increase the flax fiber exportation as well as local industry which depend to a great extent on the fiber quality. The degree of retting is the single most important factor govering the mechanical extracting of the fiber from the stem. So, it is very important to improve retting methods for the flax straw. In Egypt, two mechanized systems for extracting flax fiber from the stem (partial mechanized system and complete mechanized system). The main aim of this research was to optimize the necessary recommendations which are needed to best flax fiber extraction with a low cost, energy and high efficiency. The results showed that the proper system to execute the extracting operation of flax fiber under local condition is the complete mechanized system, which give the highest values of flax fibers separation percentage of (96.30%), flax fiber length of (101.00 cm.), long fiber percentage of (23.42%), Fiber fineness of (285.45 mm/mg.), long fiber strength of  (28.42 mm.N/mg.), the lowest values of specific energy for separating one Mg of flax straw of (40.06 kW.hr /Mg) and criterion costs of (504.59 LE/Mg).}, keywords = {flax fiber,retting,partial,complete,scutching,fiber extracting}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101056.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101056_7c66eb921ccbfc0ec01363e7b5e28f4f.pdf} } @article { author = {Imam, Ahmed and Hassan, M. and Ali, M. and Youssef, I.}, title = {DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE FOR EXTRACTING SISAL FIBER}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1039-1050}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101058}, abstract = {Filed experiments were carried out to manufacture an extraction machine from locally available materials suitable for extracting sisal fibers and evaluate its performance under field conditions. The extraction machine (decorticator) performance was conducted under four extracting drum speeds of 7.85, 12.57, 17.28 and 22 m/sec., Three clearances between the knives and the feeding drum of 4, 7and 10 mm, three feeding drum speeds of  0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 m/sec and three different knife number of  2, 3 and 4. Extraction machine (decorticator) performance was evaluated in terms of machine productivity and efficiency, specific energy and operating cost. The experimental results recommended to use the developed machine under the following condition: extracting drum speed of 22 m/sec., clearance of 7 mm, feeding speed of 0.15m/s and 3 knives.}, keywords = {Sisal extraction machine,decorticator,sisal,drum speeds,knife number,operational costs}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101058.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101058_299ebc0c8a11f7c3fdf6b793c81bb39a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Allah, Wessam and Abd El-Wahab, M. and Hassan, M. and Tawfik, M.}, title = {STUDY ON BIOGAS UNIT USING DAIRY CATTLE DUNG DURING WINTER IN EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1051-1057}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101060}, abstract = {Anaerobic digestion (AD) become a crucial method for obtaining a green energy that represented in biogas from organic wastes particularly the animal wastes in rural areas instead of its incineration. This study aims to investigate the biogas yield of a constructed Indian type biogas unit with an approximately volume of 3m3 at Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt for biogas generation from dairy cattle dung under cold climate conditions during winter season of 2015. The results revealed that, the dairy cattle dung proved a suitable substrate for the installed biogas digester and produced an average 105L biogas per day for one cubic meter of dairy cattle slurry (8% of TS) without any feedstock for 30 days in winter season in Egypt under psychrophilic conditions of 16.3 to 20.5oC temperature range. Therefore, the environmental affordability of the biogas technology, as a zero-waste engineering and unsound waste management system warrants further study in Egypt.}, keywords = {Anaerobic digestion (AD),biogas unit,psychrophilic conditions,cattle dung,Organic wastes,winter season}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101060.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101060_27f1e1cd145574515f328563568730a8.pdf} } @article { author = {سليمان, إبراهيم and عامر, محمد and أحمد, مها}, title = {تحليل أدوات السياسات المرتبطة بعرض محصولي القمح والبرسيم في مصر}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1059-1068}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101061}, abstract = {في ضوء عرض وتحليل السياسات التي اتبعتها مصر في شأن محصولي القمح والبرسيم والتي تضمنت أربع سياسات هي السياسة السعرية وسياسة زيادة الغلة الفدانيه وسياسة دعم أسعار المستهلک، وسياسة التجارة الخارجية، تناولت الدراسة الاتجاهات العامة لأدوات کل سياسة وقياس العلاقات بين هذه الأدوات (المتغيرات)، وذلک نحو توصيف أهم المتغيرات المؤثرة في استجابة العرض لمساحة کلا المحصولين،  وتستخلص الدراسة أن المتغيرات الرئيسة الدالة على أداء السياسات الاقتصادية والتکنولوجية المستهدفة لمحصولي القمح والبرسيم هي السياسة النقدية الممثلة في سعر الصرف للجنيه المصري مقابل الدولار الأمريکي، والسياسة المالية بتقديم علاوة إنتاج للمزارعين کحافز على زراعة القمح ممثلة في تحديد سعر ضمان يعادل على الأقل أو يزيد على السعر العالمي للقمح، والسياسة التکنولوجية الممثلة في نشر أصناف جديدة ذات غلة فدانية أعلى من السائدة، هذا مقابل السياسات السلبية في عدم التدخل للحد من إرتفاع أسعار المنتجات الحيوانية بزيادة العرض من تلک المنتجات ومن ثم عدم الحد من ارتفاع ربحية البرسيم وبالتالي توقع ضعف الانکماش في مساحته لصالح مساحة القمح، کما أدت سياسة حافز زيادة سعر القمح المحلي المورد للمنافذ الرسمية لإنتاج الخبز البلدي المدعم ليعادل أو يزيد عن السعر العالمي إلى زيادة عبء الدعم ومن ثم التکاليف الإجتماعية الهادفة لزيادة نسبة الإکتفاء الذاتي من القمح، حيث أن السعر العالمي بالدولار الأمريکي نما بحوالي 1% فقط سنوياً خلال عقود أربعة مضت، إلا أن سعر الصرف للدولار قد أدى لأن يصبح نمو هذا السعر بحوالي 6% مقوماً بالجنيه المصري، والحرص على زيادة السعر للقمح المحلي وفق هذا المستوى متسارع النمو نتيجة تدهور قيم الجنيه المصري يؤدي إلى دخول هذه السياسة لمنعطف المخاطرة في أعباء الدين المحلي لسداد فروق الأسعار، وعلى ذلک فبالرغم من الأثر الإيجابي للسعر المزرعي فإن الإعتماد على سياسة رفع السعر لتغطية إرتفاع التکاليف لتحرير أسعار المستلزمات وفي ظل وجود ممارسات احتکارية وغش، وکذلک لتغطية تقلبات الإنتاجية الفدانية، علاوة على آثر إنخفاض قيمة الجنيه ومحاولة بقاء السعر المحلي معادلاً أو يزيد عن المستورد، أدى إلى تضخم الأعباء المالية على کاهل الميزانية الحکومية، وهکذا يبدو أن إتباع سياسات آليات السوق مازالت لصالح إرتفاع ربحية فدان البرسيم مما يعيق إحلال جزء کبير منها لزراعة القمح، کما أن الاعتماد فقط على زيادة سعر القمح باستمرار ليفوق سعر القمح المستورد ليست في صالح الاقتصاد المصري لتوقع إنخفاض قيمة الجنيه المصري لفترة غير قصيرة مستقبلاً، ولذلک فإن الإسراع بمضاعفة إنتاجية البرسيم المصري هي سياسة هامة في هذا الصدد، وکذلک إصلاح برامج إنتاج وإکثار ونشر تقاوي سلالات القمح عالية الإنتاجية تعضدد جهود زيادة مساحة وإنتاج القمح وتخفف أعباء التکاليف الإجتماعية للدعم المباشر وغير المباشر في الاقتصاد المصري.}, keywords = {السياسة السعرية,التجارة الخارجية,السياسات المستهدفه,الربحية,استجابة العرض}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101061.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101061_5d2650570ccff510259ecb938be49c2e.pdf} } @article { author = {عبدالله, مروة and عکرش, أيمن and الديب, هدى}, title = {أشکال العنف الممارس ضد الزوجة من قبل الزوج وعلاقتة بمستوى الطموح لديها فى بعض القرى متباينة المستوى التنموى بمحافظة الشرقية}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {1069-1089}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101062}, abstract = {أستهدف البحث التعرف على مستوى العنف ضد الزوجة وکل شکل من اشکالة فى القرى الثلاث المدروسة, وإختبار معنوية الفروق بين القرى الثلاث المدروسة فيما يتعلق بالعنف والمحاور المکونة لة, وايضاً مستوى الطموح وأبعادة, والتعرف على العلاقات الإرتباطية بين المتغيرات المستقلة, وأشکال العنف ومستوى الطموح الکلى, وکذلک التعرف على درجة أسهام المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة فى تفسير التباين الکلى فى قيمة مستوى الطموح الکلى للمبحوثات، ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف أجرى هذا البحث بمحافظة الشرقية وقسمت قرى المحافظة إلى ثلاث فئات قرى مرتفعة فى مستوى الخدمات وفئة قرى متوسطة فى مستوى الخدمات وفئة قرى منخفضة فى مستوى الخدمات, وتم اختيار قرية من کل فئة بطريقة المعاينة العشوائية البسيطة, وکانت مناطق الدراسة کالتالى: قرية أکياد القبلية مرکز فاقوس من الفئة الأولى, قرية ميت أبو على مرکز الزقازيق من الفئة الثانية, کفر أبوشربية مرکز کفر صقر من الفئة الثالثة, وبلغ عدد مفردات الدراسة 362 مبحوثه موزعة على مناطق الدراسة, وتم اختيارهم بطريقة المعاينة العشوائية المنتظمة بفترة طولها 17 مفردة، وجمعت البيانات الميدانية بواسطة استمارة الإستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية للمبحوثات, وذلک فى الفترة من بداية شهر سبتمبر 2015م حتى بداية نوفمبر 2015م, واستخدمت الأساليب الإحصائية: النسب المئوية والتکرارات, والدرجات المعيارية Z scores, الدرجات التائية T scores, ومعامل الفاکرونباخ, وإختبار کروسکال واليز, معامل الارتباط البسيط بيرسون, وإختبار Step wise، وکانت أهم النتائج التى توصلت إليها الدراسة: أن أکثرية اشکال العنف أنتشاراً هى العنف اللفظى, والعنف الاجتماعى مقارنة بباقى الاشکال, وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى 0.01 بين قرى الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالعنف الجسدى، الاقتصادى، الجنسى، السياسى، النفسي والدرجة الکلية للعنف, فى حين تبين عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين قرى الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالعنف اللفظى والاجتماعى, کما إتضح وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى 0.01 بين قرى الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالطموح الزواجى والطموح التعليمى والطموح القيادى والدرجة الکلية للطموح, کما يوجد فروق معنوية عند مستوى 0.05 بين قرى الدراسة المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالطموح الاقتصادى والطموح الحراکى, وتبين وجود علاقات ارتباطية معنوية بين المستوى الکلى للطموح وبين کل من: السن, الحالة التعليمية, الدخل الشهرى, جملة الدخل الشهرى للأسرة, العنف الجسدى, العنف النفسى, العنف اللفظى, العنف الاقتصادى والعنف الجنسى, وذلک عند مستوى معنوية (0.01), وفيما يتعلق بمستوى الطموح معنوية ثلاث متغيرات يؤثرون إيجابياً على هذا العامل وهم السن, العنف الجسدى والعنف اللفظى, وإتضح عدم معنوية تأثير کل من: الدخل الشهرى للزوجة, والعنف الاقتصادى, وهذه المتغيرات تفسر 28.3% من تباين مستوى الطموح.}, keywords = {الزوجة,الزوج,أشکال العنف,مستوى الطموح}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101062.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101062_afb6b735014cc874b0824f7aeefd5f3b.pdf} } @article { author = {Elwan, Adel and Khalifa, M. and Yossif, T.}, title = {SOIL RESOURCES INVENTORY AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES IN AL-TUR AREA, SOUTH-WESTERN OF SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {923-937}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-0338}, eissn = {3009-7193}, doi = {10.21608/zjar.2016.101495}, abstract = {Recently, more attention is paid by the Egyptian government for developing some areas at Sinai due to its attractive and strategic location. This study aimed at soil resource inventory of a pilot area extended over about 1000 faddans in Al-Tur city near the north-western border of Al-Qaà plain, south-western of Sinai, Egypt. Main limiting elements of agricultural development in the area were identified to insure resources availability and environmental safety. Soils were surveyed using semi detailed sampling design. Twenty three pedons representing soils of the area were morphologically studied and sampled for physical, chemical, and fertility analyses. Four soil mapping units were recognized and delineated based on the similarity of effective soil depth, gravel content, and soil texture. These units are: (i) deep gravelly coarse-textured soils (325 faddans), (ii) deep very gravelly coarse-textured soils (235 faddans), (iii) moderately deep gravelly coarse-textured soils (215 faddans), and (iv) shallow very gravelly coarse-textured soils (225 faddans). Laboratory analyses indicated that the soils were natural to moderately alkaline in reaction, non-saline to strongly saline in electrical conductivity, moderately to extremely in calcareous, and low in fertility status. Soil texture was mainly sand in all pedons except few layers were loamy sand with clay content not exceeding 8%. The gravel content reached to 62.50% and considered as limiting factor over some locations of study area. The studied lands were placed under three suitability classes according to FAO framework. The moderately suitable lands occupy an area of about 360 faddans (35%), while the marginal suitable ones cover an area of about 415 faddans (40%). The rest of the investigated lands are occupied by shallow soils belong to the currently non-suitable class. Land aptness evaluation procedures, given by QLDLAC system, have been used to assess the aptness of various land utilization types and generating prioritized cropping pattern for agricultural development. Different classes of land aptness (high, moderate, slight, and non-aptness) were separately given for each crop based on the limitations intensity of climate, environment, soil, and agricultural policies. The suggested land utilization types were prioritized and arranged as follow: food crops (365 faddans) > oil crops (215 faddans) > fruit trees (175 faddans) > vegetables (105 faddans) > forages (140 faddans). Technologies interventions for proper fertilization and irrigation programmes have to be applied to enhance soil management and crop productivity for sustainable agricultural use of prioritized crops.}, keywords = {Soil resources inventory,QLDLAC,land aptness,agricultural priority,Al-Tur,Sinai,Egypt}, url = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101495.html}, eprint = {https://zjar.journals.ekb.eg/article_101495_e76b39311f1ea568fa3ee1763c19da50.pdf} }